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Metadata-Version: 2.4
Name: annotated-types
Version: 0.8.0
Summary: Reusable constraint types to use with typing.Annotated
Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types
Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types
Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/releases
Author-email: Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Zac Hatfield-Dodds <zac@zhd.dev>
License-Expression: MIT
License-File: LICENSE
Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
Classifier: Environment :: Console
Classifier: Environment :: MacOS X
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
Classifier: Operating System :: Unix
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Typing :: Typed
Requires-Python: >=3.10
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
# annotated-types
[![CI](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/workflows/CI/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/annotated-types.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/annotated-types)
[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/annotated-types/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/main/LICENSE)
[PEP-593](https://peps.python.org/pep-0593/) added `typing.Annotated` as a way of
adding context-specific metadata to existing types, and specifies that
`Annotated[T, x]` _should_ be treated as `T` by any tool or library without special
logic for `x`.
This package provides metadata objects which can be used to represent common
constraints such as upper and lower bounds on scalar values and collection sizes,
a `Predicate` marker for runtime checks, and
descriptions of how we intend these metadata to be interpreted. In some cases,
we also note alternative representations which do not require this package.
## Install
```bash
pip install annotated-types
```
## Examples
```python
from typing import Annotated
from annotated_types import Gt, Len, Predicate
class MyClass:
age: Annotated[int, Gt(18)] # Valid: 19, 20, ...
# Invalid: 17, 18, "19", 19.0, ...
factors: list[Annotated[int, Predicate(is_prime)]] # Valid: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...
# Invalid: 4, 8, -2, 5.0, "prime", ...
my_list: Annotated[list[int], Len(0, 10)] # Valid: [], [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
# Invalid: (1, 2), ["abc"], [0] * 20
```
## Documentation
_While `annotated-types` avoids runtime checks for performance, users should not
construct invalid combinations such as `MultipleOf("non-numeric")` or `Annotated[int, Len(3)]`.
Downstream implementors may choose to raise an error, emit a warning, silently ignore
a metadata item, etc., if the metadata objects described below are used with an
incompatible type - or for any other reason!_
### Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
Express inclusive and/or exclusive bounds on orderable values - which may be numbers,
dates, times, strings, sets, etc. Note that the boundary value need not be of the
same type that was annotated, so long as they can be compared: `Annotated[int, Gt(1.5)]`
is fine, for example, and implies that the value is an integer x such that `x > 1.5`.
We suggest that implementors may also interpret `functools.partial(operator.le, 1.5)`
as being equivalent to `Gt(1.5)`, for users who wish to avoid a runtime dependency on
the `annotated-types` package.
To be explicit, these types have the following meanings:
* `Gt(x)` - value must be "Greater Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive minimum
* `Ge(x)` - value must be "Greater than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive minimum
* `Lt(x)` - value must be "Less Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive maximum
* `Le(x)` - value must be "Less than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive maximum
### Interval
`Interval(gt, ge, lt, le)` allows you to specify an upper and lower bound with a single
metadata object. `None` attributes should be ignored, and non-`None` attributes
treated as per the single bounds above.
### MultipleOf
`MultipleOf(multiple_of=x)` might be interpreted in two ways:
1. Python semantics, implying `value % multiple_of == 0`, or
2. [JSONschema semantics](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.6.2.1),
where `int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of`.
We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations and their
distinct behaviours, especially since very large or non-integer numbers make
it easy to cause silent data corruption due to floating-point imprecision.
We encourage libraries to carefully document which interpretation they implement.
### MinLen, MaxLen, Len
`Len()` implies that `min_length <= len(value) <= max_length` - lower and upper bounds are inclusive.
As well as `Len()` which can optionally include upper and lower bounds, we also
provide `MinLen(x)` and `MaxLen(y)` which are equivalent to `Len(min_length=x)`
and `Len(max_length=y)` respectively.
`Len`, `MinLen`, and `MaxLen` may be used with any type which supports `len(value)`.
Examples of usage:
* `Annotated[list, MaxLen(10)]` (or `Annotated[list, Len(max_length=10)]`) - list must have a length of 10 or less
* `Annotated[str, MaxLen(10)]` - string must have a length of 10 or less
* `Annotated[list, MinLen(3)]` (or `Annotated[list, Len(min_length=3)]`) - list must have a length of 3 or more
* `Annotated[list, Len(4, 6)]` - list must have a length of 4, 5, or 6
* `Annotated[list, Len(8, 8)]` - list must have a length of exactly 8
#### Changed in v0.4.0
* `min_inclusive` has been renamed to `min_length`, no change in meaning
* `max_exclusive` has been renamed to `max_length`, upper bound is now **inclusive** instead of **exclusive**
* The recommendation that slices are interpreted as `Len` has been removed due to ambiguity and different semantic
meaning of the upper bound in slices vs. `Len`
See [issue #23](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/issues/23) for discussion.
### Timezone
`Timezone` can be used with a `datetime` or a `time` to express which timezones
are allowed. `Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]` must be a naive datetime.
`Timezone[...]` ([literal ellipsis](https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#Ellipsis))
expresses that any timezone-aware datetime is allowed. You may also pass a specific
timezone string or [`tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects)
object such as `Timezone(timezone.utc)` or `Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")` to express that you only
allow a specific timezone, though we note that this is often a symptom of fragile design.
#### Changed in v0.x.x
* `Timezone` accepts [`tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects) objects instead of
`timezone`, extending compatibility to [`zoneinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html) and third party libraries.
### Unit
`Unit(unit: str)` expresses that the annotated numeric value is the magnitude of
a quantity with the specified unit. For example, `Annotated[float, Unit("m/s")]`
would be a float representing a velocity in meters per second.
Please note that `annotated_types` itself makes no attempt to parse or validate
the unit string in any way. That is left entirely to downstream libraries,
such as [`pint`](https://pint.readthedocs.io) or
[`astropy.units`](https://docs.astropy.org/en/stable/units/).
An example of how a library might use this metadata:
```python
from annotated_types import Unit
from typing import Annotated, TypeVar, Callable, Any, get_origin, get_args
# given a type annotated with a unit:
Meters = Annotated[float, Unit("m")]
# you can cast the annotation to a specific unit type with any
# callable that accepts a string and returns the desired type
T = TypeVar("T")
def cast_unit(tp: Any, unit_cls: Callable[[str], T]) -> T | None:
if get_origin(tp) is Annotated:
for arg in get_args(tp):
if isinstance(arg, Unit):
return unit_cls(arg.unit)
return None
# using `pint`
import pint
pint_unit = cast_unit(Meters, pint.Unit)
# using `astropy.units`
import astropy.units as u
astropy_unit = cast_unit(Meters, u.Unit)
```
### Predicate
`Predicate(func: Callable)` expresses that `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
Users should prefer the statically inspectable metadata above, but if you need
the full power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
For some common constraints, we provide generic types:
* `LowerCase = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.islower)]`
* `UpperCase = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.isupper)]`
* `IsDigit = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.isdigit)]`
* `IsFinite = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isfinite)]`
* `IsNotFinite = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))]`
* `IsNan = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isnan)]`
* `IsNotNan = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isnan))]`
* `IsInfinite = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isinf)]`
* `IsNotInfinite = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isinf))]`
so that you can write e.g. `x: IsFinite[float] = 2.0` instead of the longer
(but exactly equivalent) `x: Annotated[float, Predicate(math.isfinite)] = 2.0`.
Some libraries might have special logic to handle known or understandable predicates,
for example by checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom
logic to enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
Users are therefore encouraged to avoid indirection like `lambda s: s.lower()`, in
favor of introspectable methods such as `str.lower` or `re.compile("pattern").search`.
To enable basic negation of commonly used predicates like `math.isnan` without introducing introspection that makes it impossible for implementers to introspect the predicate we provide a `Not` wrapper that simply negates the predicate in an introspectable manner. Several of the predicates listed above are created in this manner.
We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
an exception. For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
and then propagate or discard the resulting
`TypeError: descriptor 'isdigit' for 'str' objects doesn't apply to a 'int' object`
exception. We encourage libraries to document the behaviour they choose.
### Doc
`doc()` can be used to add documentation information in `Annotated`, for function and method parameters, variables, class attributes, return types, and any place where `Annotated` can be used.
It expects a value that can be statically analyzed, as the main use case is for static analysis, editors, documentation generators, and similar tools.
It returns a `DocInfo` class with a single attribute `documentation` containing the value passed to `doc()`.
This is the early adopter's alternative form of the [`typing-doc` proposal](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/typing-doc/typing_doc.md).
### Integrating downstream types with `GroupedMetadata`
Implementers may choose to provide a convenience wrapper that groups multiple pieces of metadata.
This can help reduce verbosity and cognitive overhead for users.
For example, an implementer like Pydantic might provide a `Field` or `Meta` type that accepts keyword arguments and transforms these into low-level metadata:
```python
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Iterator
from annotated_types import GroupedMetadata, Ge
@dataclass
class Field(GroupedMetadata):
ge: int | None = None
description: str | None = None
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:
# Iterating over a GroupedMetadata object should yield annotated-types
# constraint metadata objects which describe it as fully as possible,
# and may include other unknown objects too.
if self.ge is not None:
yield Ge(self.ge)
if self.description is not None:
yield Description(self.description)
```
Libraries consuming annotated-types constraints should check for `GroupedMetadata` and unpack it by iterating over the object and treating the results as if they had been "unpacked" in the `Annotated` type. The same logic should be applied to the [PEP 646 `Unpack` type](https://peps.python.org/pep-0646/), so that `Annotated[T, Field(...)]`, `Annotated[T, Unpack[Field(...)]]` and `Annotated[T, *Field(...)]` are all treated consistently.
Libraries consuming annotated-types should also ignore any metadata they do not recongize that came from unpacking a `GroupedMetadata`, just like they ignore unrecognized metadata in `Annotated` itself.
Our own `annotated_types.Interval` class is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `Gt`, `Lt`, etc., so this is not an abstract concern. Similarly, `annotated_types.Len` is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `MinLen` (optionally) and `MaxLen`.
### Consuming metadata
We intend to not be prescriptive as to _how_ the metadata and constraints are used, but as an example of how one might parse constraints from types annotations see our [implementation in `test_main.py`](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/f59cf6d1b5255a0fe359b93896759a180bec30ae/tests/test_main.py#L94-L103).
It is up to the implementer to determine how this metadata is used.
You could use the metadata for runtime type checking, for generating schemas or to generate example data, amongst other use cases.
## Design & History
This package was designed at the PyCon 2022 sprints by the maintainers of Pydantic
and Hypothesis, with the goal of making it as easy as possible for end-users to
provide more informative annotations for use by runtime libraries.
It is deliberately minimal, and following PEP-593 allows considerable downstream
discretion in what (if anything!) they choose to support. Nonetheless, we expect
that staying simple and covering _only_ the most common use-cases will give users
and maintainers the best experience we can. If you'd like more constraints for your
types - follow our lead, by defining them and documenting them downstream!
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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: hatchling 1.31.0
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2022 the contributors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
import math
import types
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import tzinfo
from types import EllipsisType
from typing import (
TYPE_CHECKING,
Annotated,
Any,
Literal,
Protocol,
SupportsFloat,
SupportsIndex,
TypeVar,
Union,
runtime_checkable,
)
__all__ = (
'BaseMetadata',
'GroupedMetadata',
'Gt',
'Ge',
'Lt',
'Le',
'Interval',
'MultipleOf',
'MinLen',
'MaxLen',
'Len',
'Timezone',
'Predicate',
'LowerCase',
'UpperCase',
'IsDigits',
'IsFinite',
'IsNotFinite',
'IsNan',
'IsNotNan',
'IsInfinite',
'IsNotInfinite',
'doc',
'DocInfo',
'__version__',
)
__version__ = '0.8.0'
T = TypeVar('T')
# arguments that start with __ are considered
# positional only
# see https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/#positional-only-arguments
class SupportsGt(Protocol):
def __gt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsGe(Protocol):
def __ge__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsLt(Protocol):
def __lt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsLe(Protocol):
def __le__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsMod(Protocol):
def __mod__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
...
class SupportsDiv(Protocol):
def __div__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
...
class BaseMetadata:
"""Base class for all metadata.
This exists mainly so that implementers
can do `isinstance(..., BaseMetadata)` while traversing field annotations.
"""
__slots__ = ()
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Gt(BaseMetadata):
"""Gt(gt=x) implies that the value must be greater than x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``>`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
gt: SupportsGt
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Ge(BaseMetadata):
"""Ge(ge=x) implies that the value must be greater than or equal to x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``>=`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
ge: SupportsGe
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Lt(BaseMetadata):
"""Lt(lt=x) implies that the value must be less than x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``<`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
lt: SupportsLt
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Le(BaseMetadata):
"""Le(le=x) implies that the value must be less than or equal to x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``<=`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
le: SupportsLe
@runtime_checkable
class GroupedMetadata(Protocol):
"""A grouping of multiple objects, like typing.Unpack.
`GroupedMetadata` on its own is not metadata and has no meaning.
All of the constraints and metadata should be fully expressable
in terms of the `BaseMetadata`'s returned by `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`.
Concrete implementations should override `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`
to add their own metadata.
For example:
>>> @dataclass
>>> class Field(GroupedMetadata):
>>> gt: float | None = None
>>> description: str | None = None
...
>>> def __iter__(self) -> Iterable[object]:
>>> if self.gt is not None:
>>> yield Gt(self.gt)
>>> if self.description is not None:
>>> yield Description(self.gt)
Also see the implementation of `Interval` below for an example.
Parsers should recognize this and unpack it so that it can be used
both with and without unpacking:
- `Annotated[int, Field(...)]` (parser must unpack Field)
- `Annotated[int, *Field(...)]` (PEP-646)
""" # noqa: trailing-whitespace
@property
def __is_annotated_types_grouped_metadata__(self) -> Literal[True]:
return True
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:
...
if not TYPE_CHECKING:
__slots__ = () # allow subclasses to use slots
def __init_subclass__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
# Basic ABC like functionality without the complexity of an ABC
super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
if cls.__iter__ is GroupedMetadata.__iter__:
raise TypeError("Can't subclass GroupedMetadata without implementing __iter__")
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]: # noqa: F811
raise NotImplementedError # more helpful than "None has no attribute..." type errors
@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True, slots=True)
class Interval(GroupedMetadata):
"""Interval can express inclusive or exclusive bounds with a single object.
It accepts keyword arguments ``gt``, ``ge``, ``lt``, and/or ``le``, which
are interpreted the same way as the single-bound constraints.
"""
gt: SupportsGt | None = None
ge: SupportsGe | None = None
lt: SupportsLt | None = None
le: SupportsLe | None = None
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
"""Unpack an Interval into zero or more single-bounds."""
if self.gt is not None:
yield Gt(self.gt)
if self.ge is not None:
yield Ge(self.ge)
if self.lt is not None:
yield Lt(self.lt)
if self.le is not None:
yield Le(self.le)
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class MultipleOf(BaseMetadata):
"""MultipleOf(multiple_of=x) might be interpreted in two ways:
1. Python semantics, implying ``value % multiple_of == 0``, or
2. JSONschema semantics, where ``int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of``
We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations,
and libraries to carefully document which they implement.
"""
multiple_of: SupportsDiv | SupportsMod
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class MinLen(BaseMetadata):
"""
MinLen() implies minimum inclusive length,
e.g. ``len(value) >= min_length``.
"""
min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class MaxLen(BaseMetadata):
"""
MaxLen() implies maximum inclusive length,
e.g. ``len(value) <= max_length``.
"""
max_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Len(GroupedMetadata):
"""
Len() implies that ``min_length <= len(value) <= max_length``.
Upper bound may be omitted or ``None`` to indicate no upper length bound.
"""
min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)] = 0
max_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)] | None = None
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
"""Unpack a Len into zero or more single-bounds."""
if self.min_length > 0:
yield MinLen(self.min_length)
if self.max_length is not None:
yield MaxLen(self.max_length)
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Timezone(BaseMetadata):
"""Timezone(tz=...) requires a datetime to be aware (or ``tz=None``, naive).
``Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]`` must be a naive datetime.
``Timezone(...)`` (the ellipsis literal) expresses that the datetime must be
tz-aware but any timezone is allowed.
You may also pass a specific timezone string or tzinfo object such as
``Timezone(timezone.utc)`` or ``Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")`` to express that
you only allow a specific timezone, though we note that this is often
a symptom of poor design.
"""
tz: str | tzinfo | EllipsisType | None
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Unit(BaseMetadata):
"""Indicates that the value is a physical quantity with the specified unit.
It is intended for usage with numeric types, where the value represents the
magnitude of the quantity. For example, ``distance: Annotated[float, Unit('m')]``
or ``speed: Annotated[float, Unit('m/s')]``.
Interpretation of the unit string is left to the discretion of the consumer.
It is suggested to follow conventions established by python libraries that work
with physical quantities, such as
- ``pint`` : <https://pint.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>
- ``astropy.units``: <https://docs.astropy.org/en/stable/units/>
For indicating a quantity with a certain dimensionality but without a specific unit
it is recommended to use square brackets, e.g. `Annotated[float, Unit('[time]')]`.
Note, however, ``annotated_types`` itself makes no use of the unit string.
"""
unit: str
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Predicate(BaseMetadata):
"""``Predicate(func: Callable)`` implies `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
Users should prefer statically inspectable metadata, but if you need the full
power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
We provide a few predefined predicates for common string constraints:
``LowerCase = Predicate(str.islower)``, ``UpperCase = Predicate(str.isupper)``, and
``IsDigits = Predicate(str.isdigit)``. Users are encouraged to use methods which
can be given special handling, and avoid indirection like ``lambda s: s.lower()``.
Some libraries might have special logic to handle certain predicates, e.g. by
checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom logic to
enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
an exception. For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
and then propagate or discard the resulting exception.
"""
func: Callable[[Any], bool]
def __repr__(self) -> str:
if getattr(self.func, "__name__", "<lambda>") == "<lambda>":
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func!r})"
if isinstance(self.func, (types.MethodType, types.BuiltinMethodType)) and (
namespace := getattr(self.func.__self__, "__name__", None)
):
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({namespace}.{self.func.__name__})"
if isinstance(self.func, type(str.isascii)): # method descriptor
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func.__qualname__})"
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func.__name__})"
@dataclass
class Not:
func: Callable[[Any], bool]
def __call__(self, __v: Any) -> bool:
return not self.func(__v)
_StrType = TypeVar("_StrType", bound=str)
LowerCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.islower)]
"""
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
""" # noqa: E501
UpperCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isupper)]
"""
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
""" # noqa: E501
IsDigit = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isdigit)]
IsDigits = IsDigit # type: ignore # plural for backwards compatibility, see #63
"""
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
""" # noqa: E501
IsAscii = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isascii)]
"""
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
"""
_NumericType = TypeVar('_NumericType', bound=Union[SupportsFloat, SupportsIndex])
IsFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isfinite)]
"""Return True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise."""
IsNotFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))]
"""Return True if x is one of infinity or NaN, and False otherwise"""
IsNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isnan)]
"""Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
IsNotNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isnan))]
"""Return True if x is anything but NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
IsInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isinf)]
"""Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
IsNotInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isinf))]
"""Return True if x is neither a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
try:
# PEP 727 – Documentation in Annotated Metadata
from typing_extensions import Doc # type: ignore[attr-defined]
except ImportError:
@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Doc: # type: ignore [no-redef]
""" "
The return value of doc(), mainly to be used by tools that want to extract the
Annotated documentation at runtime.
"""
documentation: str
"""The documentation string passed to doc()."""
DocInfo = Doc # backwards compatibility
doc = Doc
Whitespace-only changes.
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
import math
from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
from decimal import Decimal
from typing import Annotated, Any, NamedTuple
import annotated_types as at
class Case(NamedTuple):
"""
A test case for `annotated_types`.
"""
annotation: Any
valid_cases: Iterable[Any]
invalid_cases: Iterable[Any]
def cases() -> Iterable[Case]:
# Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Gt(4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Gt(0.5)], (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.5, 0.0, -0.1))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(date(2000, 1, 1))],
[date(2000, 1, 2), date(2000, 1, 3)],
[date(2000, 1, 1), date(1999, 12, 31)],
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(Decimal('1.123'))],
[Decimal('1.1231'), Decimal('123')],
[Decimal('1.123'), Decimal('0')],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Ge(4)], (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4), (0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Ge(0.5)], (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.4, 0.0, -0.1))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Ge(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
[datetime(1998, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Lt(4)], (0, -1), (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Lt(0.5)], (0.4, 0.0, -0.1), (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Lt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(1999, 12, 31), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Le(4)], (4, 0, -1), (5, 6, 1000))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Le(0.5)], (0.5, 0.0, -0.1), (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Le(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
)
# Interval
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4, lt=10)], (5, 6), (4, 10, 1000, 0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Interval(ge=0.5, le=1)], (0.5, 0.9, 1), (0.49, 1.1))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Interval(gt=datetime(2000, 1, 1), le=datetime(2000, 1, 3))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 4)],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=3)], (0, 3, 9), (1, 2, 4))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=0.5)], (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5), (0.4, 1.1))
# lengths
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MinLen(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
yield Case(Annotated[list[int], at.MinLen(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
yield Case(Annotated[list[int], at.Len(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MaxLen(4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(0, 4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[list[str], at.MaxLen(4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[list[str], at.Len(0, 4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 5)], ('123', '12345'), ('', '1', '12', '123456', 'x' * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 3)], ('123',), ('12', '1234'))
yield Case(Annotated[dict[int, int], at.Len(2, 3)], [{1: 1, 2: 2}], [{}, {1: 1}, {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}])
yield Case(Annotated[set[int], at.Len(2, 3)], ({1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}), (set(), {1}, {1, 2, 3, 4}))
yield Case(Annotated[tuple[int, ...], at.Len(2, 3)], ((1, 2), (1, 2, 3)), ((), (1,), (1, 2, 3, 4)))
# Timezone
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(None)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)]
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(...)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)]
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(timezone.utc)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone('Europe/London')],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(0), name='Europe/London'))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
)
# Quantity
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Unit(unit='m')], (5, 4.2), ('5m', '4.2m'))
# predicate types
yield Case(at.LowerCase[str], ['abc', 'foobar'], ['', 'A', 'Boom'])
yield Case(at.UpperCase[str], ['ABC', 'DEFO'], ['', 'a', 'abc', 'AbC'])
yield Case(at.IsDigit[str], ['123'], ['', 'ab', 'a1b2'])
yield Case(at.IsAscii[str], ['123', 'foo bar'], ['£100', '😊', 'whatever 👀'])
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Predicate(lambda x: x % 2 == 0)], [0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5])
yield Case(at.IsFinite[float], [1.23], [math.nan, math.inf, -math.inf])
yield Case(at.IsNotFinite[float], [math.nan, math.inf], [1.23])
yield Case(at.IsNan[float], [math.nan], [1.23, math.inf])
yield Case(at.IsNotNan[float], [1.23, math.inf], [math.nan])
yield Case(at.IsInfinite[float], [math.inf], [math.nan, 1.23])
yield Case(at.IsNotInfinite[float], [math.nan, 1.23], [math.inf])
# check stacked predicates
yield Case(at.IsInfinite[Annotated[float, at.Predicate(lambda x: x > 0)]], [math.inf], [-math.inf, 1.23, math.nan])
# doc
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.doc("A number")], [1, 2], [])
# custom GroupedMetadata
class MyCustomGroupedMetadata(at.GroupedMetadata):
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[at.Predicate]:
yield at.Predicate(lambda x: float(x).is_integer())
yield Case(Annotated[float, MyCustomGroupedMetadata()], [0, 2.0], [0.01, 1.5])
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
Metadata-Version: 2.4
Name: anyio
Version: 4.15.1
Summary: High-level concurrency and networking framework on top of asyncio or Trio
Author-email: Alex Grönholm <alex.gronholm@nextday.fi>
License-Expression: MIT
Project-URL: Documentation, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Project-URL: Changelog, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/versionhistory.html
Project-URL: Source code, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/issues
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
Classifier: Typing :: Typed
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Free Threading :: 2 - Beta
Requires-Python: >=3.10
Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
License-File: LICENSE
Requires-Dist: exceptiongroup>=1.0.2; python_version < "3.11"
Requires-Dist: idna>=2.8
Requires-Dist: typing_extensions>=4.16.0; python_version < "3.15"
Provides-Extra: trio
Requires-Dist: trio>=0.32.0; extra == "trio"
Dynamic: license-file
.. image:: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
:target: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml
:alt: Build Status
.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/agronholm/anyio/badge.svg?branch=master
:target: https://coveralls.io/github/agronholm/anyio?branch=master
:alt: Code Coverage
.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/anyio/badge/?version=latest
:target: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
:alt: Documentation
.. image:: https://badges.gitter.im/gitterHQ/gitter.svg
:target: https://gitter.im/python-trio/AnyIO
:alt: Gitter chat
.. image:: https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/anyio
:target: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-anyio
:alt: Tidelift
AnyIO is an asynchronous networking and concurrency library that works on top of either asyncio_ or
Trio_. It implements Trio-like `structured concurrency`_ (SC) on top of asyncio and works in harmony
with the native SC of Trio itself.
Applications and libraries written against AnyIO's API will run unmodified on either asyncio_ or
Trio_. AnyIO can also be adopted into a library or application incrementally – bit by bit, no full
refactoring necessary. It will blend in with the native libraries of your chosen backend.
To find out why you might want to use AnyIO's APIs instead of asyncio's, you can read about it
`here <https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/why.html>`_.
Documentation
-------------
View full documentation at: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/
Features
--------
AnyIO offers the following functionality:
* Task groups (nurseries_ in trio terminology)
* High-level networking (TCP, UDP and UNIX sockets)
* `Happy eyeballs`_ algorithm for TCP connections (more robust than that of asyncio on Python
3.8)
* async/await style UDP sockets (unlike asyncio where you still have to use Transports and
Protocols)
* A versatile API for byte streams and object streams
* Inter-task synchronization and communication (locks, conditions, events, semaphores, object
streams and futures)
* Worker threads
* Subprocesses
* Subinterpreter support for code parallelization (on Python 3.13 and later)
* Asynchronous file I/O (using worker threads)
* Signal handling
* Asynchronous versions of the functools_ and itertools_ modules
AnyIO also comes with its own pytest_ plugin which also supports asynchronous fixtures.
It even works with the popular Hypothesis_ library.
.. _asyncio: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html
.. _Trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio
.. _structured concurrency: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_concurrency
.. _nurseries: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-core.html#nurseries-and-spawning
.. _Happy eyeballs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Eyeballs
.. _pytest: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
.. _functools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html
.. _itertools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html
.. _Hypothesis: https://hypothesis.works/
Security contact information
----------------------------
To report a security vulnerability, please use the `Tidelift security contact`_.
Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
.. _Tidelift security contact: https://tidelift.com/security
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: setuptools (84.0.0)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
[pytest11]
anyio = anyio.pytest_plugin
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2018 Alex Grönholm
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
anyio
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from ._lazyimport import (
fix_package_names,
install_lazy_importer,
set_deprecated_aliases,
)
if TYPE_CHECKING or not install_lazy_importer():
from ._core._concurrency_utils import amap as amap
from ._core._concurrency_utils import as_completed as as_completed
from ._core._concurrency_utils import gather as gather
from ._core._contextmanagers import (
AsyncContextManagerMixin as AsyncContextManagerMixin,
)
from ._core._contextmanagers import ContextManagerMixin as ContextManagerMixin
from ._core._eventloop import current_time as current_time
from ._core._eventloop import get_all_backends as get_all_backends
from ._core._eventloop import get_available_backends as get_available_backends
from ._core._eventloop import get_cancelled_exc_class as get_cancelled_exc_class
from ._core._eventloop import run as run
from ._core._eventloop import sleep as sleep
from ._core._eventloop import sleep_forever as sleep_forever
from ._core._eventloop import sleep_until as sleep_until
from ._core._exceptions import BrokenResourceError as BrokenResourceError
from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter as BrokenWorkerInterpreter
from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess as BrokenWorkerProcess
from ._core._exceptions import BusyResourceError as BusyResourceError
from ._core._exceptions import ClosedResourceError as ClosedResourceError
from ._core._exceptions import ConnectionFailed as ConnectionFailed
from ._core._exceptions import DelimiterNotFound as DelimiterNotFound
from ._core._exceptions import EndOfStream as EndOfStream
from ._core._exceptions import FutureAlreadyFinished as FutureAlreadyFinished
from ._core._exceptions import FutureCancelled as FutureCancelled
from ._core._exceptions import FutureFailed as FutureFailed
from ._core._exceptions import FutureNotFinished as FutureNotFinished
from ._core._exceptions import IncompleteRead as IncompleteRead
from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError as NoEventLoopError
from ._core._exceptions import RunFinishedError as RunFinishedError
from ._core._exceptions import TaskCancelled as TaskCancelled
from ._core._exceptions import TaskFailed as TaskFailed
from ._core._exceptions import TaskNotFinished as TaskNotFinished
from ._core._exceptions import (
TypedAttributeLookupError as TypedAttributeLookupError,
)
from ._core._exceptions import WouldBlock as WouldBlock
from ._core._fileio import AsyncFile as AsyncFile
from ._core._fileio import Path as Path
from ._core._fileio import open_file as open_file
from ._core._fileio import wrap_file as wrap_file
from ._core._futures import Future as Future
from ._core._resources import aclose_forcefully as aclose_forcefully
from ._core._signals import open_signal_receiver as open_signal_receiver
from ._core._sockets import TCPConnectable as TCPConnectable
from ._core._sockets import UNIXConnectable as UNIXConnectable
from ._core._sockets import as_connectable as as_connectable
from ._core._sockets import connect_tcp as connect_tcp
from ._core._sockets import connect_unix as connect_unix
from ._core._sockets import (
create_connected_udp_socket as create_connected_udp_socket,
)
from ._core._sockets import (
create_connected_unix_datagram_socket as create_connected_unix_datagram_socket,
)
from ._core._sockets import create_tcp_listener as create_tcp_listener
from ._core._sockets import create_udp_socket as create_udp_socket
from ._core._sockets import (
create_unix_datagram_socket as create_unix_datagram_socket,
)
from ._core._sockets import create_unix_listener as create_unix_listener
from ._core._sockets import getaddrinfo as getaddrinfo
from ._core._sockets import getnameinfo as getnameinfo
from ._core._sockets import notify_closing as notify_closing
from ._core._sockets import wait_readable as wait_readable
from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_readable as wait_socket_readable
from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_writable as wait_socket_writable
from ._core._sockets import wait_writable as wait_writable
from ._core._streams import (
create_memory_object_stream as create_memory_object_stream,
)
from ._core._subprocesses import open_process as open_process
from ._core._subprocesses import run_process as run_process
from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter
from ._core._synchronization import (
CapacityLimiterStatistics as CapacityLimiterStatistics,
)
from ._core._synchronization import Condition as Condition
from ._core._synchronization import ConditionStatistics as ConditionStatistics
from ._core._synchronization import Event as Event
from ._core._synchronization import EventStatistics as EventStatistics
from ._core._synchronization import Lock as Lock
from ._core._synchronization import LockStatistics as LockStatistics
from ._core._synchronization import ResourceGuard as ResourceGuard
from ._core._synchronization import Semaphore as Semaphore
from ._core._synchronization import SemaphoreStatistics as SemaphoreStatistics
from ._core._tasks import TASK_STATUS_IGNORED as TASK_STATUS_IGNORED
from ._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
from ._core._tasks import TaskHandle as TaskHandle
from ._core._tasks import create_task_group as create_task_group
from ._core._tasks import current_effective_deadline as current_effective_deadline
from ._core._tasks import fail_after as fail_after
from ._core._tasks import fail_at as fail_at
from ._core._tasks import move_on_after as move_on_after
from ._core._tasks import move_on_at as move_on_at
from ._core._tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile as NamedTemporaryFile
from ._core._tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile as SpooledTemporaryFile
from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryDirectory as TemporaryDirectory
from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryFile as TemporaryFile
from ._core._tempfile import gettempdir as gettempdir
from ._core._tempfile import gettempdirb as gettempdirb
from ._core._tempfile import mkdtemp as mkdtemp
from ._core._tempfile import mkstemp as mkstemp
from ._core._testing import TaskInfo as TaskInfo
from ._core._testing import get_current_task as get_current_task
from ._core._testing import get_running_tasks as get_running_tasks
from ._core._testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked as wait_all_tasks_blocked
from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider as TypedAttributeProvider
from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet as TypedAttributeSet
from ._core._typedattr import typed_attribute as typed_attribute
# ruff: isort: off
from . import (
abc as abc,
)
from . import (
from_thread as from_thread,
)
from . import (
functools as functools,
)
from . import (
itertools as itertools,
)
from . import (
lowlevel as lowlevel,
)
from . import (
to_interpreter as to_interpreter,
)
from . import (
to_process as to_process,
)
from . import (
to_thread as to_thread,
)
fix_package_names()
set_deprecated_aliases(
{
"BrokenWorkerIntepreter": "anyio.BrokenWorkerInterpreter",
}
)
Whitespace-only changes.
File diff suppressed because it is too large. Load diff
File diff suppressed because it is too large. Load diff
Whitespace-only changes.
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import asyncio
import socket
import threading
from collections.abc import Callable
from selectors import EVENT_READ, EVENT_WRITE, DefaultSelector
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
_selector_lock = threading.Lock()
_selector: Selector | None = None
class Selector:
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, name="AnyIO socket selector")
self._selector = DefaultSelector()
self._send, self._receive = socket.socketpair()
self._send.setblocking(False)
self._receive.setblocking(False)
# This somewhat reduces the amount of memory wasted queueing up data
# for wakeups. With these settings, maximum number of 1-byte sends
# before getting BlockingIOError:
# Linux 4.8: 6
# macOS (darwin 15.5): 1
# Windows 10: 525347
# Windows you're weird. (And on Windows setting SNDBUF to 0 makes send
# blocking, even on non-blocking sockets, so don't do that.)
self._receive.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 1)
self._send.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 1)
# On Windows this is a TCP socket so this might matter. On other
# platforms this fails b/c AF_UNIX sockets aren't actually TCP.
try:
self._send.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except OSError:
pass
self._selector.register(self._receive, EVENT_READ)
self._closed = False
def start(self) -> None:
self._thread.start()
threading._register_atexit(self._stop) # type: ignore[attr-defined]
def _stop(self) -> None:
global _selector
self._closed = True
self._notify_self()
self._send.close()
self._thread.join()
self._selector.unregister(self._receive)
self._receive.close()
self._selector.close()
_selector = None
assert not self._selector.get_map(), (
"selector still has registered file descriptors after shutdown"
)
def _notify_self(self) -> None:
try:
self._send.send(b"\x00")
except BlockingIOError:
pass
def add_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
try:
key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
except KeyError:
self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_READ, {EVENT_READ: (loop, callback)})
else:
if EVENT_READ in key.data:
raise ValueError(
"this file descriptor is already registered for reading"
)
key.data[EVENT_READ] = loop, callback
self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_READ, key.data)
self._notify_self()
def add_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
try:
key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
except KeyError:
self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_WRITE, {EVENT_WRITE: (loop, callback)})
else:
if EVENT_WRITE in key.data:
raise ValueError(
"this file descriptor is already registered for writing"
)
key.data[EVENT_WRITE] = loop, callback
self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_WRITE, key.data)
self._notify_self()
def remove_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
try:
key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
except KeyError:
return False
if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_READ:
del key.data[EVENT_READ]
self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
else:
self._selector.unregister(fd)
return True
def remove_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
try:
key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
except KeyError:
return False
if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_WRITE:
del key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
else:
self._selector.unregister(fd)
return True
def run(self) -> None:
while not self._closed:
for key, events in self._selector.select():
if key.fileobj is self._receive:
try:
while self._receive.recv(4096):
pass
except BlockingIOError:
pass
continue
if events & EVENT_READ:
loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_READ]
self.remove_reader(key.fd)
try:
loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
except RuntimeError:
pass # the loop was already closed
if events & EVENT_WRITE:
loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
self.remove_writer(key.fd)
try:
loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
except RuntimeError:
pass # the loop was already closed
def get_selector() -> Selector:
global _selector
with _selector_lock:
if _selector is None:
_selector = Selector()
_selector.start()
return _selector
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from inspect import iscoroutine
__all__ = ("amap", "as_completed", "gather")
from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar, overload
from ..abc._tasks import get_coro_name
from ._exceptions import BrokenResourceError
from ._streams import create_memory_object_stream
from ._tasks import TaskHandle, create_task_group
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
R = TypeVar("R")
S = TypeVar("S")
T = TypeVar("T")
U = TypeVar("U")
V = TypeVar("V")
W = TypeVar("W")
@overload
async def gather(
coro1: Coroutine[Any, Any, R], coro2: Coroutine[Any, Any, S], /
) -> tuple[R, S]: ...
@overload
async def gather(
coro1: Coroutine[Any, Any, R],
coro2: Coroutine[Any, Any, S],
coro3: Coroutine[Any, Any, T],
/,
) -> tuple[R, S, T]: ...
@overload
async def gather(
coro1: Coroutine[Any, Any, R],
coro2: Coroutine[Any, Any, S],
coro3: Coroutine[Any, Any, T],
coro4: Coroutine[Any, Any, U],
/,
) -> tuple[R, S, T, U]: ...
@overload
async def gather(
coro1: Coroutine[Any, Any, R],
coro2: Coroutine[Any, Any, S],
coro3: Coroutine[Any, Any, T],
coro4: Coroutine[Any, Any, U],
coro5: Coroutine[Any, Any, V],
/,
) -> tuple[R, S, T, U, V]: ...
@overload
async def gather(
coro1: Coroutine[Any, Any, R],
coro2: Coroutine[Any, Any, S],
coro3: Coroutine[Any, Any, T],
coro4: Coroutine[Any, Any, U],
coro5: Coroutine[Any, Any, V],
coro6: Coroutine[Any, Any, W],
/,
) -> tuple[R, S, T, U, V, W]: ...
# handle arbitrary length if awaitables are all of the same type
@overload
async def gather(*coros: Coroutine[Any, Any, R]) -> tuple[R, ...]: ...
async def gather(*coros: Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
"""
Run coroutines concurrently in a task group. The order of result values corresponds
to the order of coroutines passed.
:param coros: coroutine objects to run as tasks
:return: task results for each argument in the same order as they were passed
"""
handles: list[TaskHandle[Any]] = []
async with create_task_group() as tg:
handles.extend(tg.create_task(coro) for coro in coros)
return tuple(h.return_value for h in handles)
@asynccontextmanager
async def as_completed(
*awaitables: Awaitable[R],
) -> AsyncGenerator[MemoryObjectReceiveStream[TaskHandle[R]]]:
"""
Run awaitable objects concurrently in a task group, returning an iterator which can
be used to get finished task handles in the order they complete.
:param awaitables: awaitable objects to run as tasks
:return: MemoryObjectReceiveStream for iterating over task handles as tasks complete.
"""
if not awaitables:
raise ValueError("as_completed() takes at least one awaitable")
send, recv = create_memory_object_stream[TaskHandle[R]](len(awaitables))
task_handles: list[TaskHandle[R]] = []
async def runner(
awaitable: Awaitable[R],
index: int,
_send: MemoryObjectSendStream[TaskHandle[R]],
) -> R:
async with _send:
try:
return await awaitable
finally:
try:
_send.send_nowait(task_handles[index])
except BrokenResourceError:
pass
async with recv, create_task_group() as tg:
async with send:
for i, awaitable in enumerate(awaitables):
name = get_coro_name(awaitable) if iscoroutine(awaitable) else None
task_handles.append(
tg.start_soon(runner, awaitable, i, send.clone(), name=name)
)
try:
yield recv
finally:
tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
async def amap(
func: Callable[[T], Coroutine[Any, Any, R]], args: Iterable[T]
) -> list[R]:
"""
Run the given coroutine function concurrently for multiple argument values.
:param func: a coroutine function that takes a single argument
:param args: a sequence of argument values to pass to ``func``
:return: task results for each argument in the same order as they were passed
"""
handles: list[TaskHandle[R]] = []
async with create_task_group() as tg:
handles.extend(tg.start_soon(func, arg) for arg in args)
return [h.return_value for h in handles]
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from abc import abstractmethod
from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager
from inspect import isasyncgen, iscoroutine, isgenerator
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Protocol, TypeVar, cast, final
_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
_ExitT_co = TypeVar("_ExitT_co", covariant=True, bound="bool | None")
class _SupportsCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
class _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
def __asynccontextmanager__(
self,
) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
class ContextManagerMixin:
"""
Mixin class providing context manager functionality via a generator-based
implementation.
This class allows you to implement a context manager via :meth:`__contextmanager__`
which should return a generator. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
:func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
.. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
.. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
"""
__cm: AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
@final
def __enter__(self: _SupportsCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
# Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
if self.__cm is not None:
raise RuntimeError(
f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
)
cm = self.__contextmanager__()
if not isinstance(cm, AbstractContextManager):
if isgenerator(cm):
raise TypeError(
"__contextmanager__() returned a generator object instead of "
"a context manager. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager "
"decorator?"
)
raise TypeError(
f"__contextmanager__() did not return a context manager object, "
f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
)
if cm is self:
raise TypeError(
f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__contextmanager__() returned "
f"self. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager decorator and a "
f"'yield' statement?"
)
value = cm.__enter__()
self.__cm = cm
return value
@final
def __exit__(
self: _SupportsCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> _ExitT_co:
# Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
if self.__cm is None:
raise RuntimeError(
f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
)
# Prevent circular references
cm = self.__cm
del self.__cm
return cast(_ExitT_co, cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
@abstractmethod
def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None]:
"""
Implement your context manager logic here.
This method **must** be decorated with
:func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
.. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
:return: a context manager object
"""
class AsyncContextManagerMixin:
"""
Mixin class providing async context manager functionality via a generator-based
implementation.
This class allows you to implement a context manager via
:meth:`__asynccontextmanager__`. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
:func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
.. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
.. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
"""
__cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
@final
async def __aenter__(self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
# Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
if self.__cm is not None:
raise RuntimeError(
f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
)
cm = self.__asynccontextmanager__()
if not isinstance(cm, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
if isasyncgen(cm):
raise TypeError(
"__asynccontextmanager__() returned an async generator instead of "
"an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
"@asynccontextmanager decorator?"
)
elif iscoroutine(cm):
cm.close()
raise TypeError(
"__asynccontextmanager__() returned a coroutine object instead of "
"an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
"@asynccontextmanager decorator and a 'yield' statement?"
)
raise TypeError(
f"__asynccontextmanager__() did not return an async context manager, "
f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
)
if cm is self:
raise TypeError(
f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__asynccontextmanager__() returned "
f"self. Did you forget to add the @asynccontextmanager decorator and a "
f"'yield' statement?"
)
value = await cm.__aenter__()
self.__cm = cm
return value
@final
async def __aexit__(
self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> _ExitT_co:
assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
if self.__cm is None:
raise RuntimeError(
f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
)
# Prevent circular references
cm = self.__cm
del self.__cm
return cast(_ExitT_co, await cm.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
@abstractmethod
def __asynccontextmanager__(
self,
) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None]:
"""
Implement your async context manager logic here.
This method **must** be decorated with
:func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
.. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
:return: an async context manager object
"""
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import math
import sys
import threading
from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator
from contextlib import contextmanager
from contextvars import Token
from importlib import import_module
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
from ._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
sniffio: Any
try:
import sniffio
except ModuleNotFoundError:
sniffio = None
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from ..abc import AsyncBackend
# This must be updated when new backends are introduced
BACKENDS = "asyncio", "trio"
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
threadlocals = threading.local()
loaded_backends: dict[str, type[AsyncBackend]] = {}
def run(
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
backend: str = "asyncio",
backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments to ``func``
:param backend: name of the asynchronous event loop implementation – currently
either ``asyncio`` or ``trio``
:param backend_options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()``
implementation with (documented :ref:`here <backend options>`)
:return: the return value of the coroutine function
:raises RuntimeError: if an asynchronous event loop is already running in this
thread
:raises LookupError: if the named backend is not found
"""
if asynclib_name := current_async_library():
raise RuntimeError(f"Already running {asynclib_name} in this thread")
try:
async_backend = get_async_backend(backend)
except ImportError as exc:
if backend in BACKENDS:
raise LookupError(
f"Backend {backend!r} is not available. "
f"Install it with: pip install anyio[{backend}]"
) from exc
raise LookupError(f"No such backend: {backend}") from exc
token = None
if asynclib_name is None:
# Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async
# library
token = set_current_async_library(backend)
try:
backend_options = backend_options or {}
return async_backend.run(func, args, {}, backend_options)
finally:
reset_current_async_library(token)
async def sleep(delay: float) -> None:
"""
Pause the current task for the specified duration.
:param delay: the duration, in seconds
"""
return await get_async_backend().sleep(delay)
async def sleep_forever() -> None:
"""
Pause the current task until it's cancelled.
This is a shortcut for ``sleep(math.inf)``.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
await sleep(math.inf)
async def sleep_until(deadline: float) -> None:
"""
Pause the current task until the given time.
:param deadline: the absolute time to wake up at (according to the internal
monotonic clock of the event loop)
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
now = current_time()
await sleep(max(deadline - now, 0))
def current_time() -> float:
"""
Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
:return: the clock value (seconds)
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
return get_async_backend().current_time()
def get_all_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
"""Return a tuple of the names of all built-in backends."""
return BACKENDS
def get_available_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
"""
Test for the availability of built-in backends.
:return a tuple of the built-in backend names that were successfully imported
.. versionadded:: 4.12
"""
available_backends: list[str] = []
for backend_name in get_all_backends():
try:
get_async_backend(backend_name)
except ImportError:
continue
available_backends.append(backend_name)
return tuple(available_backends)
def get_cancelled_exc_class() -> type[BaseException]:
"""
Return the current async library's cancellation exception class.
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
return get_async_backend().cancelled_exception_class()
#
# Private API
#
@contextmanager
def claim_worker_thread(
backend_class: type[AsyncBackend], token: object
) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
from ..lowlevel import EventLoopToken
threadlocals.current_token = EventLoopToken(backend_class, token)
try:
yield
finally:
del threadlocals.current_token
def get_async_backend(asynclib_name: str | None = None) -> type[AsyncBackend]:
if asynclib_name is None:
asynclib_name = current_async_library()
if not asynclib_name:
raise NoEventLoopError(
f"Not currently running on any asynchronous event loop. "
f"Available async backends: {', '.join(get_all_backends())}"
)
# We use our own dict instead of sys.modules to get the already imported back-end
# class because the appropriate modules in sys.modules could potentially be only
# partially initialized
try:
return loaded_backends[asynclib_name]
except KeyError:
module = import_module(f"anyio._backends._{asynclib_name}")
loaded_backends[asynclib_name] = module.backend_class
return module.backend_class
def current_async_library() -> str | None:
if sniffio is None:
# If sniffio is not installed, we assume we're either running asyncio or nothing
import asyncio
try:
asyncio.get_running_loop()
return "asyncio"
except RuntimeError:
pass
else:
try:
return sniffio.current_async_library()
except sniffio.AsyncLibraryNotFoundError:
pass
return None
def set_current_async_library(asynclib_name: str | None) -> Token | None:
# no-op if sniffio is not installed
if sniffio is None:
return None
return sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(asynclib_name)
def reset_current_async_library(token: Token | None) -> None:
if token is not None:
sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from collections.abc import Generator
from textwrap import dedent
from typing import Any
if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
class BrokenResourceError(Exception):
"""
Raised when trying to use a resource that has been rendered unusable due to external
causes (e.g. a send stream whose peer has disconnected).
"""
class BrokenWorkerProcess(Exception):
"""
Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_process.run_sync` if the worker process terminates abruptly or
otherwise misbehaves.
"""
class BrokenWorkerInterpreter(Exception):
"""
Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_interpreter.run_sync` if an unexpected exception is
raised in the subinterpreter.
"""
def __init__(self, excinfo: Any):
# This was adapted from concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed
msg = excinfo.formatted
if not msg:
if excinfo.type and excinfo.msg:
msg = f"{excinfo.type.__name__}: {excinfo.msg}"
else:
msg = excinfo.type.__name__ or excinfo.msg
super().__init__(msg)
self.excinfo = excinfo
def __str__(self) -> str:
try:
formatted = self.excinfo.errdisplay
except Exception:
return super().__str__()
else:
return dedent(
f"""
{super().__str__()}
Uncaught in the interpreter:
{formatted}
""".strip()
)
class BusyResourceError(Exception):
"""
Raised when two tasks are trying to read from or write to the same resource
concurrently.
"""
def __init__(self, action: str):
super().__init__(f"Another task is already {action} this resource")
class ClosedResourceError(Exception):
"""Raised when trying to use a resource that has been closed."""
class ConnectionFailed(OSError):
"""
Raised when a connection attempt fails.
.. note:: This class inherits from :exc:`OSError` for backwards compatibility.
"""
def iterate_exceptions(
exception: BaseException,
) -> Generator[BaseException, None, None]:
if isinstance(exception, BaseExceptionGroup):
for exc in exception.exceptions:
yield from iterate_exceptions(exc)
else:
yield exception
class DelimiterNotFound(Exception):
"""
Raised during
:meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
maximum number of bytes has been read without the delimiter being found.
"""
def __init__(self, max_bytes: int) -> None:
super().__init__(
f"The delimiter was not found among the first {max_bytes} bytes"
)
class EndOfStream(Exception):
"""
Raised when trying to read from a stream that has been closed from the other end.
"""
class IncompleteRead(Exception):
"""
Raised during
:meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` or
:meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
connection is closed before the requested amount of bytes has been read.
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__(
"The stream was closed before the read operation could be completed"
)
class TypedAttributeLookupError(LookupError):
"""
Raised by :meth:`~anyio.TypedAttributeProvider.extra` when the given typed attribute
is not found and no default value has been given.
"""
class WouldBlock(Exception):
"""Raised by ``X_nowait`` functions if ``X()`` would block."""
class NoEventLoopError(RuntimeError):
"""
Raised by several functions that require an event loop to be running in the current
thread when there is no running event loop.
This is also raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync`
if not calling from an AnyIO worker thread, and no ``token`` was passed.
"""
class RunFinishedError(RuntimeError):
"""
Raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync` if the event
loop associated with the explicitly passed token has already finished.
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__(
"The event loop associated with the given token has already finished"
)
class TaskFailed(Exception):
"""
Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
:class:`.TaskHandle` that raised an exception.
"""
class TaskCancelled(TaskFailed):
"""
Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
:class:`.TaskHandle` that was cancelled.
"""
class TaskNotFinished(Exception):
"""
Raised when attempting to access the return value or exception of a
:class:`.TaskHandle` that is still pending completion.
"""
class FutureFailed(Exception):
"""
Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
:class:`.Future` that raised an exception.
"""
class FutureCancelled(FutureFailed):
"""
Raised when attempting to access the return value or exception of a
:class:`.Future` that was cancelled.
"""
class FutureNotFinished(Exception):
"""
Raised when attempting to access the return value or exception of a
:class:`.Future` that is still pending completion.
"""
class FutureAlreadyFinished(Exception):
"""
Raised when attempting set a result of or await a
:class:`.Future` that has already completed.
"""
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@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from collections.abc import Generator
from enum import Enum, auto
from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
from ._exceptions import (
FutureAlreadyFinished,
FutureCancelled,
FutureFailed,
FutureNotFinished,
)
from ._synchronization import Event
T = TypeVar("T")
class Future(Generic[T]):
"""
An awaitable object that works similar to a :class:`asyncio.Future` but
with similar characteristics to a :class:`.TaskHandle`.
"""
class Status(Enum):
"""
The status of a future handle.
.. attribute:: PENDING
The future has not finished yet.
.. attribute:: FINISHED
The future has finished with a return value.
.. attribute:: CANCELLED
The future was cancelled and has finished since.
.. attribute:: FAILED
The future raised an exception.
"""
PENDING = auto()
FINISHED = auto()
CANCELLED = auto()
FAILED = auto()
__slots__ = (
"_cancelled",
"_exception",
"_finished_event",
"_name",
"_return_value",
)
_return_value: T
def __init__(self, *, name: str | None = None) -> None:
self._finished_event = Event()
self._exception: BaseException | None = None
self._cancelled: bool = False
self._name = name
def _check_pending(self) -> None:
"""Shortcut for checking if a Future is pending
:raises FutureAlreadyFinished: if future was already given a result or exception.
:raises FutureCancelled: if future has been cancelled previously.
"""
match self.status:
case Future.Status.PENDING:
return
case Future.Status.FINISHED:
raise FutureAlreadyFinished("future has already finished")
case Future.Status.FAILED:
raise FutureAlreadyFinished("future already failed")
case Future.Status.CANCELLED:
raise FutureCancelled("future was cancelled")
async def wait(self) -> None:
"""
Waits for the future to finish.
This method will attempt to wait for a result or exception
"""
await self._finished_event.wait()
def cancel(self) -> None:
"""Cancels a pending `.Future` object
Does nothing if the Future was already finished.
"""
if self.status is Future.Status.PENDING:
self._cancelled = True
self._finished_event.set()
@property
def exception(self) -> BaseException | None:
"""
The exception value of a `.Future`
:raises FutureNotFinished: if future is still pending
:raises FutureCancelled: if future was cancelled
:returns: None if future succeeds with a result sent instead
otherwise this will be an exception
"""
match self.status:
case Future.Status.PENDING:
raise FutureNotFinished("the future has not finished yet")
case Future.Status.FINISHED:
return None
case Future.Status.CANCELLED:
raise FutureCancelled("the future was cancelled")
case Future.Status.FAILED:
return self._exception
@exception.setter
def exception(self, exception: BaseException) -> None:
"""Send exception for a `.Future` object
:raises FutureAlreadyFinished: if future was already given a result or exception.
:raises FutureCancelled: if future has been cancelled previously.
"""
self._check_pending()
self._exception = exception
self._finished_event.set()
@property
def return_value(self) -> T:
"""
The return value of the future.
:raises FutureNotFinished: if the future has not finished yet
:raises FutureCancelled: if the future was cancelled
:raises FutureFailed: if the future raised an exception
"""
match self.status:
case Future.Status.PENDING:
raise FutureNotFinished("the future has not finished yet")
case Future.Status.FINISHED:
return self._return_value
case Future.Status.CANCELLED:
raise FutureCancelled("the future was cancelled")
case Future.Status.FAILED:
raise FutureFailed(
"the future raised an exception"
) from self._exception
@return_value.setter
def return_value(self, value: T) -> None:
"""
Send pending result for a `.Future` object
:raises FutureAlreadyFinished: if future was already given a result or exception.
:raises FutureCancelled: if future has been cancelled previously.
"""
self._check_pending()
self._return_value = value
self._finished_event.set()
@property
def status(self) -> Future.Status:
"""
The current status of a future.
Every future starts in the :attr:`~Future.Status.PENDING` state.
If a future is cancelled while in this state, it will transition to the
:attr:`Future.Status.CANCELLED` state. When the task finishes, it will
transition to one of the three final states (
:attr:`Future.Status.FINISHED`, :attr:`Future.Status.FAILED`, or
:attr:`Future.Status.CANCELLED`) depending on the exception the task
raised, if any. No other status transitions will happen.
"""
if not self._finished_event.is_set():
return Future.Status.PENDING
elif self._cancelled:
return Future.Status.CANCELLED
elif self._exception is not None:
return Future.Status.FAILED
else:
return Future.Status.FINISHED
def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, Any, T]:
yield from self.wait().__await__()
return self.return_value
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return (
f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.status.name.lower()} "
f"name={self._name!r}>"
)
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from ..abc import AsyncResource # noqa: TC001
from ._tasks import CancelScope
async def aclose_forcefully(resource: AsyncResource) -> None:
"""
Close an asynchronous resource in a cancelled scope.
Doing this closes the resource without waiting on anything.
:param resource: the resource to close
"""
with CancelScope() as scope:
scope.cancel()
await resource.aclose()
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
from signal import Signals
from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
def open_signal_receiver(
*signals: Signals,
) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
"""
Start receiving operating system signals.
:param signals: signals to receive (e.g. ``signal.SIGINT``)
:return: an asynchronous context manager for an asynchronous iterator which yields
signal numbers
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
.. warning:: Windows does not support signals natively so it is best to avoid
relying on this in cross-platform applications.
.. warning:: On asyncio, this permanently replaces any previous signal handler for
the given signals, as set via :meth:`~asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler`.
"""
return get_async_backend().open_signal_receiver(*signals)
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@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import math
from typing import TypeVar
from warnings import warn
from ..streams.memory import (
MemoryObjectReceiveStream,
MemoryObjectSendStream,
_MemoryObjectStreamState,
)
T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
class create_memory_object_stream(
tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]],
):
"""
Create a memory object stream.
The stream's item type can be annotated like
:func:`create_memory_object_stream[T_Item]`.
:param max_buffer_size: number of items held in the buffer until ``send()`` starts
blocking
:param item_type: old way of marking the streams with the right generic type for
static typing (does nothing on AnyIO 4)
.. deprecated:: 4.0
Use ``create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...)`` instead.
:return: a tuple of (send stream, receive stream)
"""
def __new__( # type: ignore[misc]
cls, max_buffer_size: float = 0, item_type: object = None
) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]]:
if max_buffer_size != math.inf and not isinstance(max_buffer_size, int):
raise ValueError("max_buffer_size must be either an integer or math.inf")
if max_buffer_size < 0:
raise ValueError("max_buffer_size cannot be negative")
if item_type is not None:
warn(
"The item_type argument has been deprecated in AnyIO 4.0. "
"Use create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...) instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
state = _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_Item](max_buffer_size)
return (MemoryObjectSendStream(state), MemoryObjectReceiveStream(state))
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
from io import BytesIO
from os import PathLike
from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError, CompletedProcess
from typing import IO, Any, TypeAlias, cast
from ..abc import Process # noqa: TC001
from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
from ._tasks import create_task_group
StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
async def run_process(
command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
*,
input: bytes | None = None,
stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = None,
stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
check: bool = True,
cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
startupinfo: Any = None,
creationflags: int = 0,
start_new_session: bool = False,
pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
user: str | int | None = None,
group: str | int | None = None,
extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
umask: int = -1,
) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]:
"""
Run an external command in a subprocess and wait until it completes.
.. seealso:: :func:`subprocess.run`
:param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
containing the executable name or path and its arguments
:param input: bytes passed to the standard input of the subprocess
:param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
a file-like object, or `None`; ``input`` overrides this
:param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
a file-like object, or `None`
:param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
:data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or `None`
:param check: if ``True``, raise :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the
process terminates with a return code other than 0
:param cwd: If not ``None``, change the working directory to this before running the
command
:param env: if not ``None``, this mapping replaces the inherited environment
variables from the parent process
:param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
:param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
:param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
:param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
child processes. (POSIX only)
:param user: effective user to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
:param group: effective group to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
:param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (Python >= 3.9,
POSIX only)
:param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
running the given command (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
:return: an object representing the completed process
:raises ~subprocess.CalledProcessError: if ``check`` is ``True`` and the process
exits with a nonzero return code
"""
async def drain_stream(stream: AsyncIterable[bytes], index: int) -> None:
buffer = BytesIO()
async for chunk in stream:
buffer.write(chunk)
stream_contents[index] = buffer.getvalue()
if stdin is not None and input is not None:
raise ValueError("only one of stdin and input is allowed")
async with await open_process(
command,
stdin=PIPE if input else stdin,
stdout=stdout,
stderr=stderr,
cwd=cwd,
env=env,
startupinfo=startupinfo,
creationflags=creationflags,
start_new_session=start_new_session,
pass_fds=pass_fds,
user=user,
group=group,
extra_groups=extra_groups,
umask=umask,
) as process:
stream_contents: list[bytes | None] = [None, None]
async with create_task_group() as tg:
if process.stdout:
tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stdout, 0)
if process.stderr:
tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stderr, 1)
if process.stdin and input:
await process.stdin.send(input)
await process.stdin.aclose()
await process.wait()
output, errors = stream_contents
if check and process.returncode != 0:
raise CalledProcessError(cast(int, process.returncode), command, output, errors)
return CompletedProcess(command, cast(int, process.returncode), output, errors)
async def open_process(
command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
*,
stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
startupinfo: Any = None,
creationflags: int = 0,
start_new_session: bool = False,
pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
user: str | int | None = None,
group: str | int | None = None,
extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
umask: int = -1,
) -> Process:
"""
Start an external command in a subprocess.
.. seealso:: :class:`subprocess.Popen`
:param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
containing the executable name or path and its arguments
:param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, a
file-like object, or ``None``
:param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
a file-like object, or ``None``
:param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
:data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or ``None``
:param cwd: If not ``None``, the working directory is changed before executing
:param env: If env is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the
environment variables for the new process
:param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
:param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
:param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
:param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
child processes. (POSIX only)
:param user: effective user to run the process as (POSIX only)
:param group: effective group to run the process as (POSIX only)
:param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (POSIX only)
:param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
running the given command (POSIX only)
:return: an asynchronous process object
"""
kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
if user is not None:
kwargs["user"] = user
if group is not None:
kwargs["group"] = group
if extra_groups is not None:
kwargs["extra_groups"] = extra_groups
if umask >= 0:
kwargs["umask"] = umask
return await get_async_backend().open_process(
command,
stdin=stdin,
stdout=stdout,
stderr=stderr,
cwd=cwd,
env=env,
startupinfo=startupinfo,
creationflags=creationflags,
start_new_session=start_new_session,
pass_fds=pass_fds,
**kwargs,
)
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import math
import sys
from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Callable
from dataclasses import dataclass
from types import TracebackType
from typing import TypeVar
from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
from ._exceptions import BusyResourceError, NoEventLoopError
from ._tasks import CancelScope
from ._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import Self
else:
from typing_extensions import Self
T = TypeVar("T")
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class EventStatistics:
"""
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Event.wait`
"""
tasks_waiting: int
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class CapacityLimiterStatistics:
"""
:ivar int borrowed_tokens: number of tokens currently borrowed by tasks
:ivar float total_tokens: total number of available tokens
:ivar tuple borrowers: tasks or other objects currently holding tokens borrowed from
this limiter
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on
:meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire` or
:meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire_on_behalf_of`
"""
borrowed_tokens: int
total_tokens: float
borrowers: tuple[object, ...]
tasks_waiting: int
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class LockStatistics:
"""
:ivar bool locked: flag indicating if this lock is locked or not
:ivar ~anyio.TaskInfo owner: task currently holding the lock (or ``None`` if the
lock is not held by any task)
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Lock.acquire`
"""
locked: bool
owner: TaskInfo | None
tasks_waiting: int
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ConditionStatistics:
"""
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`~.Condition.wait`
:ivar ~anyio.LockStatistics lock_statistics: statistics of the underlying
:class:`~.Lock`
"""
tasks_waiting: int
lock_statistics: LockStatistics
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class SemaphoreStatistics:
"""
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Semaphore.acquire`
"""
tasks_waiting: int
class Event:
__slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
def __new__(cls) -> Event:
try:
return get_async_backend().create_event()
except NoEventLoopError:
return EventAdapter()
def set(self) -> None:
"""Set the flag, notifying all listeners."""
raise NotImplementedError
def is_set(self) -> bool:
"""Return ``True`` if the flag is set, ``False`` if not."""
raise NotImplementedError
async def wait(self) -> None:
"""
Wait until the flag has been set.
If the flag has already been set when this method is called, it returns
immediately.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
"""Return statistics about the current state of this event."""
raise NotImplementedError
class EventAdapter(Event):
__slots__ = "_internal_event", "_is_set"
def __new__(cls) -> Self:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._internal_event: Event | None = None
self._is_set = False
@property
def _event(self) -> Event:
if self._internal_event is None:
self._internal_event = get_async_backend().create_event()
if self._is_set:
self._internal_event.set()
return self._internal_event
def set(self) -> None:
if self._internal_event is None:
self._is_set = True
else:
self._event.set()
def is_set(self) -> bool:
if self._internal_event is None:
return self._is_set
return self._internal_event.is_set()
async def wait(self) -> None:
await self._event.wait()
def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
if self._internal_event is None:
return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
return self._internal_event.statistics()
class Lock:
__slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
try:
return get_async_backend().create_lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
except NoEventLoopError:
return LockAdapter(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
await self.acquire()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.release()
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""Acquire the lock."""
raise NotImplementedError
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire the lock, without blocking.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def release(self) -> None:
"""Release the lock."""
raise NotImplementedError
def locked(self) -> bool:
"""Return True if the lock is currently held."""
raise NotImplementedError
def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class LockAdapter(Lock):
__slots__ = "_fast_acquire", "_internal_lock"
def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Self:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False):
self._internal_lock: Lock | None = None
self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
@property
def _lock(self) -> Lock:
if self._internal_lock is None:
self._internal_lock = get_async_backend().create_lock(
fast_acquire=self._fast_acquire
)
return self._internal_lock
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
await self._lock.acquire()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
if self._internal_lock is not None:
self._internal_lock.release()
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""Acquire the lock."""
await self._lock.acquire()
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire the lock, without blocking.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
"""
self._lock.acquire_nowait()
def release(self) -> None:
"""Release the lock."""
self._lock.release()
def locked(self) -> bool:
"""Return True if the lock is currently held."""
return self._lock.locked()
def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
if self._internal_lock is None:
return LockStatistics(False, None, 0)
return self._internal_lock.statistics()
class Condition:
__slots__ = "__weakref__", "_lock", "_owner_task", "_waiters"
def __init__(self, lock: Lock | None = None):
self._owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None
self._lock = lock or Lock()
self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque()
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
await self.acquire()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.release()
def _check_acquired(self) -> None:
if self._owner_task != get_current_task():
raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding the underlying lock")
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""Acquire the underlying lock."""
await self._lock.acquire()
self._owner_task = get_current_task()
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
"""
self._lock.acquire_nowait()
self._owner_task = get_current_task()
def release(self) -> None:
"""Release the underlying lock."""
self._lock.release()
def locked(self) -> bool:
"""Return True if the lock is set."""
return self._lock.locked()
def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
"""Notify exactly n listeners."""
self._check_acquired()
for _ in range(n):
try:
event = self._waiters.popleft()
except IndexError:
break
event.set()
def notify_all(self) -> None:
"""Notify all the listeners."""
self._check_acquired()
for event in self._waiters:
event.set()
self._waiters.clear()
async def wait(self) -> None:
"""Wait for a notification."""
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
self._check_acquired()
event = Event()
self._waiters.append(event)
self.release()
try:
await event.wait()
except BaseException:
if not event.is_set():
self._waiters.remove(event)
elif self._waiters:
# This task was notified by could not act on it, so pass
# it on to the next task
self._waiters.popleft().set()
raise
finally:
with CancelScope(shield=True):
await self.acquire()
async def wait_for(self, predicate: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
"""
Wait until a predicate becomes true.
:param predicate: a callable that returns a truthy value when the condition is
met
:return: the result of the predicate
.. versionadded:: 4.11.0
"""
while not (result := predicate()):
await self.wait()
return result
def statistics(self) -> ConditionStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this condition.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
return ConditionStatistics(len(self._waiters), self._lock.statistics())
class Semaphore:
__slots__ = "__weakref__", "_fast_acquire"
def __new__(
cls,
initial_value: int,
*,
max_value: int | None = None,
fast_acquire: bool = False,
) -> Semaphore:
try:
return get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire
)
except NoEventLoopError:
return SemaphoreAdapter(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
def __init__(
self,
initial_value: int,
*,
max_value: int | None = None,
fast_acquire: bool = False,
):
if not isinstance(initial_value, int):
raise TypeError("initial_value must be an integer")
if initial_value < 0:
raise ValueError("initial_value must be >= 0")
if max_value is not None:
if not isinstance(max_value, int):
raise TypeError("max_value must be an integer or None")
if max_value < initial_value:
raise ValueError(
"max_value must be equal to or higher than initial_value"
)
self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:
await self.acquire()
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.release()
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""Decrement the semaphore value, blocking if necessary."""
raise NotImplementedError
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def release(self) -> None:
"""Increment the semaphore value."""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def value(self) -> int:
"""The current value of the semaphore."""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def max_value(self) -> int | None:
"""The maximum value of the semaphore."""
raise NotImplementedError
def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this semaphore.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class SemaphoreAdapter(Semaphore):
__slots__ = "_initial_value", "_internal_semaphore", "_max_value"
def __new__(
cls,
initial_value: int,
*,
max_value: int | None = None,
fast_acquire: bool = False,
) -> Self:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(
self,
initial_value: int,
*,
max_value: int | None = None,
fast_acquire: bool = False,
) -> None:
super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
self._internal_semaphore: Semaphore | None = None
self._initial_value = initial_value
self._max_value = max_value
@property
def _semaphore(self) -> Semaphore:
if self._internal_semaphore is None:
self._internal_semaphore = get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
self._initial_value, max_value=self._max_value
)
return self._internal_semaphore
async def acquire(self) -> None:
await self._semaphore.acquire()
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
self._semaphore.acquire_nowait()
def release(self) -> None:
self._semaphore.release()
@property
def value(self) -> int:
if self._internal_semaphore is None:
return self._initial_value
return self._semaphore.value
@property
def max_value(self) -> int | None:
return self._max_value
def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
if self._internal_semaphore is None:
return SemaphoreStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
return self._semaphore.statistics()
class CapacityLimiter:
__slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
try:
return get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(total_tokens)
except NoEventLoopError:
return CapacityLimiterAdapter(total_tokens)
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def total_tokens(self) -> float:
"""
The total number of tokens available for borrowing.
This is a read-write property. If the total number of tokens is increased, the
proportionate number of tasks waiting on this limiter will be granted their
tokens.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The property is now writable.
.. versionchanged:: 4.12
The value can now be set to 0.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@total_tokens.setter
def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
"""The number of tokens that have currently been borrowed."""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def available_tokens(self) -> float:
"""The number of tokens currently available to be borrowed"""
raise NotImplementedError
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire a token for the current task without waiting for one to become
available.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
"""
Acquire a token without waiting for one to become available.
:param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
"""
raise NotImplementedError
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire a token for the current task, waiting if necessary for one to become
available.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
"""
Acquire a token, waiting if necessary for one to become available.
:param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def release(self) -> None:
"""
Release the token held by the current task.
:raises RuntimeError: if the current task has not borrowed a token from this
limiter.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
"""
Release the token held by the given borrower.
:raises RuntimeError: if the borrower has not borrowed a token from this
limiter.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this limiter.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class CapacityLimiterAdapter(CapacityLimiter):
__slots__ = "_internal_limiter", "_total_tokens"
def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> Self:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(self, total_tokens: float) -> None:
self._internal_limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
self.total_tokens = total_tokens
@property
def _limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter:
if self._internal_limiter is None:
self._internal_limiter = get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(
self._total_tokens
)
return self._internal_limiter
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
await self._limiter.__aenter__()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
return await self._limiter.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
@property
def total_tokens(self) -> float:
if self._internal_limiter is None:
return self._total_tokens
return self._internal_limiter.total_tokens
@total_tokens.setter
def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
if not isinstance(value, int) and not math.isinf(value):
raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
elif value < 0:
raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 0")
if self._internal_limiter is None:
self._total_tokens = value
return
self._limiter.total_tokens = value
@property
def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
if self._internal_limiter is None:
return 0
return self._internal_limiter.borrowed_tokens
@property
def available_tokens(self) -> float:
if self._internal_limiter is None:
return self._total_tokens
return self._internal_limiter.available_tokens
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
self._limiter.acquire_nowait()
def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
async def acquire(self) -> None:
await self._limiter.acquire()
async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
await self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
def release(self) -> None:
self._limiter.release()
def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
self._limiter.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
if self._internal_limiter is None:
return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
borrowed_tokens=0,
total_tokens=self.total_tokens,
borrowers=(),
tasks_waiting=0,
)
return self._internal_limiter.statistics()
class ResourceGuard:
"""
A context manager for ensuring that a resource is only used by a single task at a
time.
Entering this context manager while the previous has not exited it yet will trigger
:exc:`BusyResourceError`.
:param action: the action to guard against (visible in the :exc:`BusyResourceError`
when triggered, e.g. "Another task is already {action} this resource")
.. versionadded:: 4.1
"""
__slots__ = "__weakref__", "_guarded", "action"
def __init__(self, action: str = "using"):
self.action: str = action
self._guarded = False
def __enter__(self) -> None:
if self._guarded:
raise BusyResourceError(self.action)
self._guarded = True
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self._guarded = False
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import math
import sys
from collections.abc import (
Coroutine,
Generator,
)
from contextlib import contextmanager
from enum import Enum, auto
from inspect import iscoroutine
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Any, Generic, final
from ..abc import TaskGroup, TaskStatus
from ._eventloop import get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
from ._exceptions import TaskCancelled, TaskFailed, TaskNotFinished
if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
from typing import TypeVar
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVar
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import Never, Self, TypeVarTuple
else:
from typing_extensions import Never, Self, TypeVarTuple
T = TypeVar("T")
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
T_startval_co = TypeVar("T_startval_co", covariant=True, default=Never)
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
class _IgnoredTaskStatus(TaskStatus[object]):
def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
pass
TASK_STATUS_IGNORED = _IgnoredTaskStatus()
class CancelScope:
"""
Wraps a unit of work that can be made separately cancellable.
:param deadline: The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
__slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
def __new__(
cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
) -> CancelScope:
return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(shield=shield, deadline=deadline)
def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
"""
Cancel this scope immediately.
:param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def deadline(self) -> float:
"""
The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically.
Will be ``float('inf')`` if no timeout has been set.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@deadline.setter
def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
"""``True`` if :meth:`cancel` has been called."""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
"""
``True`` if this scope suppressed a cancellation exception it itself raised.
This is typically used to check if any work was interrupted, or to see if the
scope was cancelled due to its deadline being reached. The value will, however,
only be ``True`` if the cancellation was triggered by the scope itself (and not
an outer scope).
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def shield(self) -> bool:
"""
``True`` if this scope is shielded from external cancellation.
While a scope is shielded, it will not receive cancellations from outside.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@shield.setter
def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
def __enter__(self) -> Self:
raise NotImplementedError
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool:
raise NotImplementedError
@contextmanager
def fail_at(
deadline: float | None, shield: bool = False, reason: str | None = None
) -> Generator[CancelScope, None, None]:
"""
Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if the code in the
enclosing context does not finish by the given deadline.
:param deadline: the deadline before raising the exception, or
``None`` to disable the timeout
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:param reason: explanation for timeout to add to the message of a raised `TimeoutError`
:return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope
:rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\]
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
.. versionadded:: 4.15.0
"""
current_time = get_async_backend().current_time
effective_deadline = math.inf if deadline is None else deadline
with get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(
deadline=effective_deadline, shield=shield
) as cancel_scope:
yield cancel_scope
if cancel_scope.cancelled_caught and current_time() >= cancel_scope.deadline:
raise TimeoutError(reason) if reason else TimeoutError
@contextmanager
def fail_after(
delay: float | None, shield: bool = False, reason: str | None = None
) -> Generator[CancelScope, None, None]:
"""
Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if the code in the
enclosing context block does not finish in time.
:param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before raising the exception, or
``None`` to disable the timeout
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:param reason: explanation for timeout to add to the message of a raised `TimeoutError`
:return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope
:rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\]
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
current_time = get_async_backend().current_time
deadline = (current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
with fail_at(deadline, shield=shield, reason=reason) as scope:
yield scope
def move_on_at(deadline: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
"""
Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay.
:param deadline: the deadline before exiting the context block, or
``None`` to disable the timeout
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:return: a cancel scope
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
.. versionadded:: 4.15.0
"""
return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(
deadline=deadline if deadline is not None else math.inf, shield=shield
)
def move_on_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
"""
Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay.
:param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before exiting the context block, or
``None`` to disable the timeout
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:return: a cancel scope
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
.. note:: Unlike with :func:`fail_after`, the timer starts when this function is
called, not when the context manager is entered. This will be changed in v5.0.
"""
deadline = (
(get_async_backend().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
)
return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
def current_effective_deadline() -> float:
"""
Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the current
task.
:return: a clock value from the event loop's internal clock (or ``float('inf')`` if
there is no deadline in effect, or ``float('-inf')`` if the current scope has
been cancelled)
:rtype: float
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
return get_async_backend().current_effective_deadline()
def create_task_group() -> TaskGroup:
"""
Create a task group.
:return: a task group
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
return get_async_backend().create_task_group()
@final
class TaskHandle(Generic[T_co, T_startval_co]):
"""
Returned from the task-spawning methods of :class:`TaskGroup`. Can be awaited on to
get the return value of the task (or the raised exception). If the task was
terminated by a :exc:`BaseException`, :exc:`TaskFailed` will be raised (or its
subclass :exc:`TaskCancelled` if the task was cancelled).
.. versionadded:: 4.14.0
"""
class Status(Enum):
"""
The status of a task handle.
.. attribute:: PENDING
The task has not finished yet.
.. attribute:: FINISHED
The task has finished with a return value.
.. attribute:: CANCELLING
The task has been cancelled but has not finished yet.
.. attribute:: CANCELLED
The task was cancelled and has finished since.
.. attribute:: FAILED
The task raised an exception.
"""
PENDING = auto()
FINISHED = auto()
CANCELLING = auto()
CANCELLED = auto()
FAILED = auto()
__slots__ = (
"__weakref__",
"_cancel_scope",
"_coro",
"_exception",
"_finished_event",
"_name",
"_return_value",
"_start_value",
)
_return_value: T_co
_start_value: T_startval_co
def __init__(
self,
coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
name: object,
cancel_scope: CancelScope | None = None,
) -> None:
from ._synchronization import Event
self._coro = coro
self._cancel_scope = cancel_scope if cancel_scope is not None else CancelScope()
self._finished_event = Event()
self._exception: BaseException | None = None
if name is not None:
self._name = str(name)
elif iscoroutine(coro):
self._name = coro.__qualname__
else:
self._name = str(coro) # coroutine-like object (e.g. asend() objects)
async def _run_coro(self) -> None:
__tracebackhide__ = True
with self._cancel_scope:
try:
retval = await self._coro
except BaseException as exc:
self._exception = exc
raise
else:
self._return_value = retval
finally:
self._finished_event.set()
del self # Break the reference cycle
def cancel(self) -> None:
"""
Set the task to a cancelled state.
This will interrupt any interruptible asynchronous operation, and will cause
any further awaits on this task to get immediately cancelled, unless done in
a shielded cancel scope.
If the task has already finished, this method has no effect.
"""
if not self._finished_event.is_set():
self._cancel_scope.cancel()
@property
def coro(self) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
"""
The coroutine object that was passed to one of the task-spawning methods in
:class:`TaskGroup`.
"""
return self._coro
@property
def status(self) -> TaskHandle.Status:
"""
The current status of the task.
Every task starts in the :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.PENDING` state.
If a task is cancelled while in this state, it will transition to the
:attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING` state. When the task finishes, it will
transition to one of the three final states (
:attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED`, :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FAILED`, or
:attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING`) depending on the exception the task
raised, if any. No other status transitions will happen.
"""
if not self._finished_event.is_set():
if self._cancel_scope.cancel_called:
return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING
else:
return TaskHandle.Status.PENDING
elif self._exception is not None:
if isinstance(self._exception, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED
else:
return TaskHandle.Status.FAILED
else:
return TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED
@property
def name(self) -> str:
"""The name of the task."""
return self._name
@property
def exception(self) -> BaseException | None:
"""
The exception raised by the task, or ``None`` if it finished without raising.
:raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
:raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
"""
match self.status:
case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
return None
case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
return self._exception
@property
def return_value(self) -> T_co:
"""
The return value of the task.
:raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
:raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
:raises TaskFailed: if the task raised an exception
"""
match self.status:
case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
return self._return_value
case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
raise TaskFailed("the task raised an exception") from self._exception
@property
def start_value(self) -> T_startval_co:
"""
The value passed to :meth:`task_status.started() <.abc.TaskStatus.started>`,
:raises RuntimeError: if the task was not started with :meth:`TaskGroup.start()
<.abc.TaskGroup.start>`
"""
try:
return self._start_value
except AttributeError:
raise RuntimeError(
"the task was not started with TaskGroup.start()"
) from None
async def wait(self) -> None:
"""
Wait for the task to finish.
This method will return as soon as the task has finished, no matter how it
happened.
"""
await self._finished_event.wait()
def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, Any, T_co]:
yield from self._finished_event.wait().__await__()
return self.return_value
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return (
f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.status.name.lower()} "
f"name={self._name!r} coro={self._coro!r}>"
)
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import os
import sys
import tempfile
from collections.abc import Iterable
from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
from types import TracebackType
from typing import (
TYPE_CHECKING,
Any,
AnyStr,
Generic,
overload,
)
from .. import to_thread
from .._core._fileio import AsyncFile
from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
from ._tasks import CancelScope
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
class TemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
"""
An asynchronous temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
This class provides an asynchronous context manager interface to a temporary file.
The file is created using Python's standard `tempfile.TemporaryFile` function in a
background thread, and is wrapped as an asynchronous file using `AsyncFile`.
:param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
:param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
:param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
text mode.
:param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
mode).
:param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
:param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
:param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
:param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
"""
_async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
@overload
def __init__(
self: TemporaryFile[bytes],
mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
suffix: str | None = ...,
prefix: str | None = ...,
dir: str | None = ...,
*,
errors: str | None = ...,
): ...
@overload
def __init__(
self: TemporaryFile[str],
mode: OpenTextMode,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
suffix: str | None = ...,
prefix: str | None = ...,
dir: str | None = ...,
*,
errors: str | None = ...,
): ...
def __init__(
self,
mode: OpenTextMode | OpenBinaryMode = "w+b",
buffering: int = -1,
encoding: str | None = None,
newline: str | None = None,
suffix: str | None = None,
prefix: str | None = None,
dir: str | None = None,
*,
errors: str | None = None,
) -> None:
self.mode = mode
self.buffering = buffering
self.encoding = encoding
self.newline = newline
self.suffix: str | None = suffix
self.prefix: str | None = prefix
self.dir: str | None = dir
self.errors = errors
async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(
self.mode,
self.buffering,
self.encoding,
self.newline,
self.suffix,
self.prefix,
self.dir,
errors=self.errors,
)
)
self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
return self._async_file
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_value: BaseException | None,
traceback: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
await self._async_file.aclose()
class NamedTemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
"""
An asynchronous named temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
This class provides an asynchronous context manager for a temporary file with a
visible name in the file system. It uses Python's standard
:func:`~tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` function and wraps the file object with
:class:`AsyncFile` for asynchronous operations.
:param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
:param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
:param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
text mode.
:param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
mode).
:param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
:param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
:param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
:param delete: Whether to delete the file when it is closed.
:param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
:param delete_on_close: (Python 3.12+) Whether to delete the file on close.
"""
_async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
@overload
def __init__(
self: NamedTemporaryFile[bytes],
mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
suffix: str | None = ...,
prefix: str | None = ...,
dir: str | None = ...,
delete: bool = ...,
*,
errors: str | None = ...,
delete_on_close: bool = ...,
): ...
@overload
def __init__(
self: NamedTemporaryFile[str],
mode: OpenTextMode,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
suffix: str | None = ...,
prefix: str | None = ...,
dir: str | None = ...,
delete: bool = ...,
*,
errors: str | None = ...,
delete_on_close: bool = ...,
): ...
def __init__(
self,
mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
buffering: int = -1,
encoding: str | None = None,
newline: str | None = None,
suffix: str | None = None,
prefix: str | None = None,
dir: str | None = None,
delete: bool = True,
*,
errors: str | None = None,
delete_on_close: bool = True,
) -> None:
self._params: dict[str, Any] = {
"mode": mode,
"buffering": buffering,
"encoding": encoding,
"newline": newline,
"suffix": suffix,
"prefix": prefix,
"dir": dir,
"delete": delete,
"errors": errors,
}
if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
self._params["delete_on_close"] = delete_on_close
async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
lambda: tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(**self._params)
)
self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
return self._async_file
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_value: BaseException | None,
traceback: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
await self._async_file.aclose()
class SpooledTemporaryFile(AsyncFile[AnyStr]):
"""
An asynchronous spooled temporary file that starts in memory and is spooled to disk.
This class provides an asynchronous interface to a spooled temporary file, much like
Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile`. It supports asynchronous
write operations and provides a method to force a rollover to disk.
:param max_size: Maximum size in bytes before the file is rolled over to disk.
:param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
:param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
:param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file (text mode only).
:param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (text mode only).
:param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
:param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
:param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
:param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
"""
_rolled: bool = False
@overload
def __init__(
self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes],
max_size: int = ...,
mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
suffix: str | None = ...,
prefix: str | None = ...,
dir: str | None = ...,
*,
errors: str | None = ...,
): ...
@overload
def __init__(
self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str],
max_size: int = ...,
mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
suffix: str | None = ...,
prefix: str | None = ...,
dir: str | None = ...,
*,
errors: str | None = ...,
): ...
def __init__(
self,
max_size: int = 0,
mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
buffering: int = -1,
encoding: str | None = None,
newline: str | None = None,
suffix: str | None = None,
prefix: str | None = None,
dir: str | None = None,
*,
errors: str | None = None,
) -> None:
self._tempfile_params: dict[str, Any] = {
"mode": mode,
"buffering": buffering,
"encoding": encoding,
"newline": newline,
"suffix": suffix,
"prefix": prefix,
"dir": dir,
"errors": errors,
}
self._max_size = max_size
if "b" in mode:
super().__init__(BytesIO()) # type: ignore[arg-type]
else:
super().__init__(
TextIOWrapper( # type: ignore[arg-type]
BytesIO(),
encoding=encoding,
errors=errors,
newline=newline,
write_through=True,
)
)
async def aclose(self) -> None:
if not self._rolled:
self._fp.close()
return
await super().aclose()
async def _check(self) -> None:
if self._rolled or self._fp.tell() <= self._max_size:
return
await self.rollover()
async def rollover(self) -> None:
if self._rolled:
return
self._rolled = True
buffer = self._fp
buffer.seek(0)
self._fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(**self._tempfile_params)
)
await self.write(buffer.read())
buffer.close()
@property
def closed(self) -> bool:
return self._fp.closed
async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.read(size)
return await super().read(size) # type: ignore[return-value]
async def read1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.read1(size)
return await super().read1(size)
async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.readline()
return await super().readline() # type: ignore[return-value]
async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.readlines()
return await super().readlines() # type: ignore[return-value]
async def readinto(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.readinto(b)
return await super().readinto(b)
async def readinto1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.readinto1(b)
return await super().readinto1(b)
async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.seek(offset, whence)
return await super().seek(offset, whence)
async def tell(self) -> int:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.tell()
return await super().tell()
async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
return self._fp.truncate(size)
return await super().truncate(size)
@overload
async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
@overload
async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
"""
Asynchronously write data to the spooled temporary file.
If the file has not yet been rolled over, the data is written synchronously,
and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
:param s: The data to write.
:return: The number of bytes written.
:raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
"""
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
result = self._fp.write(b)
await self._check()
return result
return await super().write(b) # type: ignore[misc]
@overload
async def writelines(
self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
) -> None: ...
@overload
async def writelines(
self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]
) -> None: ...
async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[str] | Iterable[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
"""
Asynchronously write a list of lines to the spooled temporary file.
If the file has not yet been rolled over, the lines are written synchronously,
and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
:param lines: An iterable of lines to write.
:raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
"""
if not self._rolled:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
result = self._fp.writelines(lines)
await self._check()
return result
return await super().writelines(lines) # type: ignore[misc]
class TemporaryDirectory(Generic[AnyStr]):
"""
An asynchronous temporary directory that is created and cleaned up automatically.
This class provides an asynchronous context manager for creating a temporary
directory. It wraps Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` to
perform directory creation and cleanup operations in a background thread.
:param suffix: Suffix to be added to the temporary directory name.
:param prefix: Prefix to be added to the temporary directory name.
:param dir: The parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
:param ignore_cleanup_errors: Whether to ignore errors during cleanup
:param delete: Whether to delete the directory upon closing (Python 3.12+).
"""
def __init__(
self,
suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
dir: AnyStr | None = None,
*,
ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = False,
delete: bool = True,
) -> None:
self.suffix: AnyStr | None = suffix
self.prefix: AnyStr | None = prefix
self.dir: AnyStr | None = dir
self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
self.delete = delete
self._tempdir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory | None = None
async def __aenter__(self) -> str:
params: dict[str, Any] = {
"suffix": self.suffix,
"prefix": self.prefix,
"dir": self.dir,
"ignore_cleanup_errors": self.ignore_cleanup_errors,
}
if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
params["delete"] = self.delete
self._tempdir = await to_thread.run_sync(
lambda: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(**params)
)
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.__enter__)
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_value: BaseException | None,
traceback: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
if self._tempdir is not None:
with CancelScope(shield=True):
await to_thread.run_sync(
self._tempdir.__exit__, exc_type, exc_value, traceback
)
async def cleanup(self) -> None:
if self._tempdir is not None:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.cleanup)
@overload
async def mkstemp(
suffix: str | None = None,
prefix: str | None = None,
dir: str | None = None,
text: bool = False,
) -> tuple[int, str]: ...
@overload
async def mkstemp(
suffix: bytes | None = None,
prefix: bytes | None = None,
dir: bytes | None = None,
text: bool = False,
) -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
async def mkstemp(
suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
dir: AnyStr | None = None,
text: bool = False,
) -> tuple[int, str | bytes]:
"""
Asynchronously create a temporary file and return an OS-level handle and the file
name.
This function wraps `tempfile.mkstemp` and executes it in a background thread.
:param suffix: Suffix to be added to the file name.
:param prefix: Prefix to be added to the file name.
:param dir: Directory in which the temporary file is created.
:param text: Whether the file is opened in text mode.
:return: A tuple containing the file descriptor and the file name.
"""
return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkstemp, suffix, prefix, dir, text)
@overload
async def mkdtemp(
suffix: str | None = None,
prefix: str | None = None,
dir: str | None = None,
) -> str: ...
@overload
async def mkdtemp(
suffix: bytes | None = None,
prefix: bytes | None = None,
dir: bytes | None = None,
) -> bytes: ...
async def mkdtemp(
suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
dir: AnyStr | None = None,
) -> str | bytes:
"""
Asynchronously create a temporary directory and return its path.
This function wraps `tempfile.mkdtemp` and executes it in a background thread.
:param suffix: Suffix to be added to the directory name.
:param prefix: Prefix to be added to the directory name.
:param dir: Parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
:return: The path of the created temporary directory.
"""
return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkdtemp, suffix, prefix, dir)
async def gettempdir() -> str:
"""
Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files.
This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdir` and executes it in a background thread.
:return: The path of the temporary directory as a string.
"""
return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdir)
async def gettempdirb() -> bytes:
"""
Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files in bytes.
This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdirb` and executes it in a background thread.
:return: The path of the temporary directory as bytes.
"""
return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdirb)
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator
from typing import Any, cast
from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
class TaskInfo:
"""
Represents an asynchronous task.
:ivar int id: the unique identifier of the task
:ivar parent_id: the identifier of the parent task, if any
:vartype parent_id: Optional[int]
:ivar str name: the description of the task (if any)
:ivar ~collections.abc.Coroutine coro: the coroutine object of the task
"""
__slots__ = "_name", "coro", "id", "name", "parent_id"
def __init__(
self,
id: int,
parent_id: int | None,
name: str | None,
coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any],
):
func = get_current_task
self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
self.id: int = id
self.parent_id: int | None = parent_id
self.name: str | None = name
self.coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any] = coro
def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
if isinstance(other, TaskInfo):
return self.id == other.id
return NotImplemented
def __hash__(self) -> int:
return hash(self.id)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id!r}, name={self.name!r})"
def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
"""
Return ``True`` if the task has a cancellation pending, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
return False
def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo:
"""
Return the current task.
:return: a representation of the current task
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
return get_async_backend().get_current_task()
def get_running_tasks() -> list[TaskInfo]:
"""
Return a list of running tasks in the current event loop.
:return: a list of task info objects
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
return cast("list[TaskInfo]", get_async_backend().get_running_tasks())
async def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> None:
"""Wait until all other tasks are waiting for something."""
await get_async_backend().wait_all_tasks_blocked()
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
from typing import Any, TypeVar, final, overload
from ._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError
if sys.version_info < (3, 15):
from typing_extensions import sentinel
T_Attr = TypeVar("T_Attr")
T_Default = TypeVar("T_Default")
undefined = sentinel("undefined")
def typed_attribute() -> Any:
"""Return a unique object, used to mark typed attributes."""
return object()
class TypedAttributeSet:
"""
Superclass for typed attribute collections.
Checks that every public attribute of every subclass has a type annotation.
"""
def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
annotations: dict[str, Any] = getattr(cls, "__annotations__", {})
for attrname in dir(cls):
if not attrname.startswith("_") and attrname not in annotations:
raise TypeError(
f"Attribute {attrname!r} is missing its type annotation"
)
super().__init_subclass__()
class TypedAttributeProvider:
"""Base class for classes that wish to provide typed extra attributes."""
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[T_Attr, Callable[[], T_Attr]]:
"""
A mapping of the extra attributes to callables that return the corresponding
values.
If the provider wraps another provider, the attributes from that wrapper should
also be included in the returned mapping (but the wrapper may override the
callables from the wrapped instance).
"""
return {}
@overload
def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr) -> T_Attr: ...
@overload
def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr, default: T_Default) -> T_Attr | T_Default: ...
@final
def extra(self, attribute: Any, default: object = undefined) -> object:
"""
extra(attribute, default=undefined)
Return the value of the given typed extra attribute.
:param attribute: the attribute (member of a :class:`~TypedAttributeSet`) to
look for
:param default: the value that should be returned if no value is found for the
attribute
:raises ~anyio.TypedAttributeLookupError: if the search failed and no default
value was given
"""
try:
getter = self.extra_attributes[attribute]
except KeyError:
if default is undefined:
raise TypedAttributeLookupError("Attribute not found") from None
else:
return default
return getter()
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"fix_package_names",
"install_lazy_importer",
"set_deprecated_aliases",
)
import ast
import inspect
import sys
import warnings
from importlib import import_module
from types import ModuleType
from typing import Any
def install_lazy_importer() -> bool:
module_globals = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
module_name = module_globals["__name__"]
module_prefix = module_name + "."
module = sys.modules[module_name]
lazy_map, deprecated_aliases, submodule_names = _build_lazy_map(module)
names = sorted(lazy_map)
# Delete symbols that are not part of the API
del module_globals["TYPE_CHECKING"]
del module_globals["install_lazy_importer"]
if not lazy_map and not deprecated_aliases:
return False
def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
if new_name := deprecated_aliases.get(name):
emit_deprecation_warning(module_name, name, new_name)
target_mod, target_attr = new_name.rsplit(".", 1)
elif name in submodule_names:
target_mod, target_attr = "." + name, ""
else:
try:
target_mod, target_attr = lazy_map[name]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(
f"module {module_name!r} has no attribute {name!r}"
) from None
imported = import_module(target_mod, module_name)
value = getattr(imported, target_attr) if target_attr else imported
# patch the module name to match
if (
getattr(value, "__module__", "").startswith(module_prefix)
and name not in deprecated_aliases
):
value.__module__ = module_name
module_globals[name] = value
return value
def __dir__() -> list[str]:
return names
module_globals["__dir__"] = __dir__
module_globals["__getattr__"] = __getattr__
module_globals.pop("fix_package_names", None)
module_globals.pop("set_deprecated_aliases", None)
return True
def fix_package_names() -> None:
module_globals = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
module_prefix = module_globals["__name__"] + "."
del module_globals[fix_package_names.__name__]
for value in module_globals.values():
if modname := getattr(value, "__module__", ""):
if modname.startswith(module_prefix):
parts = modname.split(".")
value.__module__ = ".".join(
part for part in parts if not part.startswith("_")
)
def emit_deprecation_warning(module_name: str, name: str, target: str) -> None:
warnings.warn(
f"The {module_name}.{name} alias is deprecated, use {target} instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=3,
)
def set_deprecated_aliases(aliases: dict[str, str]) -> None:
module_globals = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
module_name = module_globals["__name__"]
del module_globals[set_deprecated_aliases.__name__]
def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
try:
target = aliases[name]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(
f"module {module_name!r} has no attribute {name!r}"
) from None
emit_deprecation_warning(module_name, name, target)
target_modname, attrname = target.rsplit(".", 1)
module = import_module(target_modname)
return getattr(module, attrname)
sys.modules[module_name].__dict__["__getattr__"] = __getattr__
def _build_lazy_map(
module: ModuleType,
) -> tuple[dict[str, tuple[str, str]], dict[str, str], list[str]]:
try:
source = inspect.getsource(module)
except OSError:
return {}, {}, []
tree = compile(source, module.__file__ or "", "exec", ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
assert isinstance(tree, ast.Module)
out: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {}
deprecated_aliases: dict[str, str] = {}
submodule_names: list[str] = []
for node in tree.body:
if not isinstance(node, ast.If) or not _is_type_checking_block(node.test):
continue
for stmt in node.body:
match stmt:
case ast.ImportFrom():
if stmt.module is None:
submodule_names.extend(alias.name for alias in stmt.names)
else:
base = "." * stmt.level + (stmt.module or "")
for alias in stmt.names:
if alias.name == "*":
raise RuntimeError("star imports not supported")
exported = alias.asname or alias.name
out[exported] = (base, alias.name)
case ast.Expr() if isinstance(stmt.value, ast.Call):
call = stmt.value
if (
isinstance(call.func, ast.Name)
and call.func.id == "set_deprecated_aliases"
):
arg0 = call.args[0]
assert isinstance(arg0, ast.Dict)
for key, value in zip(arg0.keys, arg0.values, strict=True):
assert isinstance(key, ast.Constant)
assert isinstance(key.value, str)
assert isinstance(value, ast.Constant)
assert isinstance(value.value, str)
deprecated_aliases[key.value] = value.value
return out, deprecated_aliases, submodule_names
def _is_type_checking_block(test: ast.AST) -> bool:
if not isinstance(test, ast.BoolOp):
return False
subtest = test.values[0]
match subtest:
case ast.Name():
return subtest.id == "TYPE_CHECKING"
case ast.Attribute():
return (
isinstance(subtest.value, ast.Name)
and subtest.value.id == "typing"
and subtest.attr == "TYPE_CHECKING"
)
case _:
return False
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from .._lazyimport import (
fix_package_names,
install_lazy_importer,
set_deprecated_aliases,
)
if TYPE_CHECKING or not install_lazy_importer():
from ._eventloop import AsyncBackend as AsyncBackend
from ._resources import AsyncResource as AsyncResource
from ._sockets import ConnectedUDPSocket as ConnectedUDPSocket
from ._sockets import ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket as ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
from ._sockets import IPAddressType as IPAddressType
from ._sockets import IPSockAddrType as IPSockAddrType
from ._sockets import SocketAttribute as SocketAttribute
from ._sockets import SocketListener as SocketListener
from ._sockets import SocketStream as SocketStream
from ._sockets import UDPPacketType as UDPPacketType
from ._sockets import UDPSocket as UDPSocket
from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramPacketType as UNIXDatagramPacketType
from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramSocket as UNIXDatagramSocket
from ._sockets import UNIXSocketStream as UNIXSocketStream
from ._streams import AnyByteReceiveStream as AnyByteReceiveStream
from ._streams import AnyByteSendStream as AnyByteSendStream
from ._streams import AnyByteStream as AnyByteStream
from ._streams import AnyByteStreamConnectable as AnyByteStreamConnectable
from ._streams import (
AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream as AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream,
)
from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteSendStream as AnyUnreliableByteSendStream
from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteStream as AnyUnreliableByteStream
from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream as ByteReceiveStream
from ._streams import ByteSendStream as ByteSendStream
from ._streams import ByteStream as ByteStream
from ._streams import ByteStreamConnectable as ByteStreamConnectable
from ._streams import Listener as Listener
from ._streams import ObjectReceiveStream as ObjectReceiveStream
from ._streams import ObjectSendStream as ObjectSendStream
from ._streams import ObjectStream as ObjectStream
from ._streams import ObjectStreamConnectable as ObjectStreamConnectable
from ._streams import UnreliableObjectReceiveStream as UnreliableObjectReceiveStream
from ._streams import UnreliableObjectSendStream as UnreliableObjectSendStream
from ._streams import UnreliableObjectStream as UnreliableObjectStream
from ._subprocesses import Process as Process
from ._tasks import TaskGroup as TaskGroup
from ._tasks import TaskStatus as TaskStatus
from ._testing import TestRunner as TestRunner
fix_package_names()
set_deprecated_aliases(
{
"CapacityLimiter": "anyio.CapacityLimiter",
"Condition": "anyio.Condition",
"Event": "anyio.Event",
"Lock": "anyio.Lock",
"Semaphore": "anyio.Semaphore",
"CancelScope": "anyio.CancelScope",
"BlockingPortal": "anyio.from_thread.BlockingPortal",
}
)
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import math
import sys
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import (
AsyncIterator,
Awaitable,
Callable,
Coroutine,
Iterable,
Mapping,
Sequence,
)
from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
from os import PathLike
from signal import Signals
from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, socket
from typing import (
IO,
TYPE_CHECKING,
Any,
TypeAlias,
TypeVar,
overload,
)
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter, Event, Lock, Semaphore
from .._core._tasks import CancelScope
from .._core._testing import TaskInfo
from ._sockets import (
ConnectedUDPSocket,
ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
IPSockAddrType,
SocketListener,
SocketStream,
UDPSocket,
UNIXDatagramSocket,
UNIXSocketStream,
)
from ._subprocesses import Process
from ._tasks import TaskGroup
from ._testing import TestRunner
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
class AsyncBackend(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def run(
cls,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
options: dict[str, Any],
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments to ``func``
:param kwargs: positional arguments to ``func``
:param options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` implementation
with
:return: the return value of the coroutine function
"""
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def current_token(cls) -> object:
"""
Return an object that allows other threads to run code inside the event loop.
:return: a token object, specific to the event loop running in the current
thread
"""
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def current_time(cls) -> float:
"""
Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
:return: the clock value (seconds)
"""
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
"""Return the exception class that is raised in a task if it's cancelled."""
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
"""
Check if the task has been cancelled, and allow rescheduling of other tasks.
This is effectively the same as running :meth:`checkpoint_if_cancelled` and then
:meth:`cancel_shielded_checkpoint`.
"""
@classmethod
async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
"""
Check if the current task group has been cancelled.
This will check if the task has been cancelled, but will not allow other tasks
to be scheduled if not.
"""
if cls.current_effective_deadline() == -math.inf:
await cls.checkpoint()
@classmethod
async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
"""
Allow the rescheduling of other tasks.
This will give other tasks the opportunity to run, but without checking if the
current task group has been cancelled, unlike with :meth:`checkpoint`.
"""
with cls.create_cancel_scope(shield=True):
await cls.sleep(0)
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
"""
Pause the current task for the specified duration.
:param delay: the duration, in seconds
"""
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_cancel_scope(
cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
) -> CancelScope:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
"""
Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the
current task.
:return:
- a clock value from the event loop's internal clock
- ``inf`` if there is no deadline in effect
- ``-inf`` if the current scope has been cancelled
:rtype: float
"""
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_task_group(cls) -> TaskGroup:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_event(cls) -> Event:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_semaphore(
cls,
initial_value: int,
*,
max_value: int | None = None,
fast_acquire: bool = False,
) -> Semaphore:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
cls,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def run_async_from_thread(
cls,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
token: object,
) -> T_co:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def run_sync_from_thread(
cls,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
token: object,
) -> T_Retval:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def open_process(
cls,
command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
*,
stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
startupinfo: Any = None,
creationflags: int = 0,
start_new_session: bool = False,
pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
user: str | int | None = None,
group: str | int | None = None,
extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
umask: int = -1,
**kwargs: Any,
) -> Process:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[Process]) -> None:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def connect_tcp(
cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
) -> SocketStream:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> UNIXSocketStream:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def create_udp_socket(
cls,
family: AddressFamily,
local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
reuse_port: bool,
) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
pass
@classmethod
@overload
async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: None
) -> UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
@classmethod
@overload
async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes
) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
) -> UNIXDatagramSocket | ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def getaddrinfo(
cls,
host: bytes | str | None,
port: str | int | None,
*,
family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
type: int | SocketKind = 0,
proto: int = 0,
flags: int = 0,
) -> Sequence[
tuple[
AddressFamily,
SocketKind,
int,
str,
tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
]
]:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def getnameinfo(
cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
) -> tuple[str, str]:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketStream:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UDPSocket:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
cls, sock: socket
) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def open_signal_receiver(
cls, *signals: Signals
) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
pass
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
pass
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from types import TracebackType
from typing import TypeVar
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import Self
else:
from typing_extensions import Self
T = TypeVar("T")
class AsyncResource(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""
Abstract base class for all closeable asynchronous resources.
Works as an asynchronous context manager which returns the instance itself on enter,
and calls :meth:`aclose` on exit.
"""
__slots__ = ()
async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
await self.aclose()
@abstractmethod
async def aclose(self) -> None:
"""Close the resource."""
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import errno
import socket
from abc import abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Mapping
from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
from io import IOBase
from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
from socket import AddressFamily
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
from .._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
from .._core._typedattr import (
TypedAttributeProvider,
TypedAttributeSet,
typed_attribute,
)
from ._streams import ByteStream, Listener, UnreliableObjectStream
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from ._tasks import TaskGroup
IPAddressType: TypeAlias = str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
IPSockAddrType: TypeAlias = tuple[str, int]
SockAddrType: TypeAlias = IPSockAddrType | str
UDPPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]
UNIXDatagramPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, str]
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
def _validate_socket(
sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
sock_type: socket.SocketKind,
addr_family: socket.AddressFamily = socket.AF_UNSPEC,
*,
require_connected: bool = False,
require_bound: bool = False,
) -> socket.socket:
if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
try:
sock = socket.socket(fileno=sock_or_fd)
except OSError as exc:
if exc.errno == errno.ENOTSOCK:
raise ValueError(
"the file descriptor does not refer to a socket"
) from exc
elif require_connected:
raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
elif require_bound:
raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address") from exc
else:
raise
elif isinstance(sock_or_fd, socket.socket):
sock = sock_or_fd
else:
raise TypeError(
f"expected an int or socket, got {type(sock_or_fd).__qualname__} instead"
)
try:
if require_connected:
try:
sock.getpeername()
except OSError as exc:
raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
if require_bound:
try:
if sock.family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
bound_addr = sock.getsockname()[1]
else:
bound_addr = sock.getsockname()
except OSError:
bound_addr = None
if not bound_addr:
raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address")
if addr_family != socket.AF_UNSPEC and sock.family != addr_family:
raise ValueError(
f"address family mismatch: expected {addr_family.name}, got "
f"{sock.family.name}"
)
if sock.type != sock_type:
raise ValueError(
f"socket type mismatch: expected {sock_type.name}, got {sock.type.name}"
)
except BaseException:
# Avoid ResourceWarning from the locally constructed socket object
if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
sock.detach()
raise
sock.setblocking(False)
return sock
class SocketAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
"""
.. attribute:: family
:type: socket.AddressFamily
the address family of the underlying socket
.. attribute:: local_address
:type: tuple[str, int] | str
the local address the underlying socket is connected to
.. attribute:: local_port
:type: int
for IP based sockets, the local port the underlying socket is bound to
.. attribute:: raw_socket
:type: socket.socket
the underlying stdlib socket object
.. attribute:: remote_address
:type: tuple[str, int] | str
the remote address the underlying socket is connected to
.. attribute:: remote_port
:type: int
for IP based sockets, the remote port the underlying socket is connected to
"""
family: AddressFamily = typed_attribute()
local_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
local_port: int = typed_attribute()
raw_socket: socket.socket = typed_attribute()
remote_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
remote_port: int = typed_attribute()
class _SocketProvider(TypedAttributeProvider):
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr as convert
attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
SocketAttribute.family: lambda: self._raw_socket.family,
SocketAttribute.local_address: lambda: convert(
self._raw_socket.getsockname()
),
SocketAttribute.raw_socket: lambda: self._raw_socket,
}
try:
peername: tuple[str, int] | None = convert(self._raw_socket.getpeername())
except OSError:
peername = None
# Provide the remote address for connected sockets
if peername is not None:
attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_address] = lambda: peername
# Provide local and remote ports for IP based sockets
if self._raw_socket.family in (AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6):
attributes[SocketAttribute.local_port] = lambda: (
self._raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
)
if peername is not None:
remote_port = peername[1]
attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_port] = lambda: remote_port
return attributes
@property
@abstractmethod
def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
pass
class SocketStream(ByteStream, _SocketProvider):
"""
Transports bytes over a socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
@classmethod
async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> SocketStream:
"""
Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket stream.
The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
The existing socket must already be connected.
:param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
:return: a socket stream
"""
sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_connected=True)
return await get_async_backend().wrap_stream_socket(sock)
class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream):
@classmethod
async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UNIXSocketStream:
"""
Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX socket stream.
The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
The existing socket must already be connected.
:param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
:return: a UNIX socket stream
"""
sock = _validate_socket(
sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
)
return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_stream_socket(sock)
@abstractmethod
async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
"""
Send file descriptors along with a message to the peer.
:param message: a non-empty bytestring
:param fds: a collection of files (either numeric file descriptors or open file
or socket objects)
"""
@abstractmethod
async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
"""
Receive file descriptors along with a message from the peer.
:param msglen: length of the message to expect from the peer
:param maxfds: maximum number of file descriptors to expect from the peer
:return: a tuple of (message, file descriptors)
"""
class SocketListener(Listener[SocketStream], _SocketProvider):
"""
Listens to incoming socket connections.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
@classmethod
async def from_socket(
cls,
sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
) -> SocketListener:
"""
Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket listener.
The newly created listener takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
:param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
:return: a socket listener
"""
sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_bound=True)
return await get_async_backend().wrap_listener_socket(sock)
@abstractmethod
async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
"""Accept an incoming connection."""
async def serve(
self,
handler: Callable[[SocketStream], Any],
task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
) -> None:
from .. import create_task_group
async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
if task_group is None:
task_group = await stack.enter_async_context(create_task_group())
while True:
stream = await self.accept()
task_group.start_soon(handler, stream)
class UDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[UDPPacketType], _SocketProvider):
"""
Represents an unconnected UDP socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
@classmethod
async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UDPSocket:
"""
Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UDP socket.
The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
The existing socket must be bound to a local address.
:param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
:return: a UDP socket
"""
sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, require_bound=True)
return await get_async_backend().wrap_udp_socket(sock)
async def sendto(self, data: bytes, host: str, port: int) -> None:
"""
Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, (host, port))).
"""
return await self.send((data, (host, port)))
class ConnectedUDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
"""
Represents an connected UDP socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
@classmethod
async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
"""
Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UDP socket.
The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
The existing socket must already be connected.
:param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
:return: a connected UDP socket
"""
sock = _validate_socket(
sock_or_fd,
socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
require_connected=True,
)
return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_udp_socket(sock)
class UNIXDatagramSocket(
UnreliableObjectStream[UNIXDatagramPacketType], _SocketProvider
):
"""
Represents an unconnected Unix datagram socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
@classmethod
async def from_socket(
cls,
sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
"""
Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX datagram
socket.
The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
:param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
:return: a UNIX datagram socket
"""
sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX)
return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
async def sendto(self, data: bytes, path: str) -> None:
"""Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, path))."""
return await self.send((data, path))
class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
"""
Represents a connected Unix datagram socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
@classmethod
async def from_socket(
cls,
sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
"""
Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UNIX datagram
socket.
The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
The existing socket must already be connected.
:param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
:return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
"""
sock = _validate_socket(
sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
)
return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, TypeAlias, TypeVar
from .._core._exceptions import EndOfStream
from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider
from ._resources import AsyncResource
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from ._tasks import TaskGroup
T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
class UnreliableObjectReceiveStream(
AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider, Generic[T_co]
):
"""
An interface for receiving objects.
This interface makes no guarantees that the received messages arrive in the order in
which they were sent, or that no messages are missed.
Asynchronously iterating over objects of this type will yield objects matching the
given type parameter.
"""
def __aiter__(self) -> UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
return self
async def __anext__(self) -> T_co:
try:
return await self.receive()
except EndOfStream:
raise StopAsyncIteration from None
@abstractmethod
async def receive(self) -> T_co:
"""
Receive the next item.
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the receive stream has been explicitly
closed
:raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
:raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
due to external causes
"""
class UnreliableObjectSendStream(
AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider, Generic[T_contra]
):
"""
An interface for sending objects.
This interface makes no guarantees that the messages sent will reach the
recipient(s) in the same order in which they were sent, or at all.
"""
@abstractmethod
async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
"""
Send an item to the peer(s).
:param item: the item to send
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the send stream has been explicitly
closed
:raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
due to external causes
"""
class UnreliableObjectStream(
UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_Item]
):
"""
A bidirectional message stream which does not guarantee the order or reliability of
message delivery.
"""
class ObjectReceiveStream(UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
"""
A receive message stream which guarantees that messages are received in the same
order in which they were sent, and that no messages are missed.
"""
class ObjectSendStream(UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
"""
A send message stream which guarantees that messages are delivered in the same order
in which they were sent, without missing any messages in the middle.
"""
class ObjectStream(
ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item],
ObjectSendStream[T_Item],
UnreliableObjectStream[T_Item],
):
"""
A bidirectional message stream which guarantees the order and reliability of message
delivery.
"""
@abstractmethod
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
"""
Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
"""
class ByteReceiveStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
"""
An interface for receiving bytes from a single peer.
Iterating this byte stream will yield a byte string of arbitrary length, but no more
than 65536 bytes.
"""
def __aiter__(self) -> ByteReceiveStream:
return self
async def __anext__(self) -> bytes:
try:
return await self.receive()
except EndOfStream:
raise StopAsyncIteration from None
@abstractmethod
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
"""
Receive at most ``max_bytes`` bytes from the peer.
.. note:: Implementers of this interface should not return an empty
:class:`bytes` object, and users should ignore them.
:param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes to receive (must be a positive
integer)
:return: the received bytes
:raises ValueError: if ``max_bytes`` is less than 1
:raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
"""
class ByteSendStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
"""An interface for sending bytes to a single peer."""
@abstractmethod
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
"""
Send the given bytes to the peer.
:param item: the bytes to send
"""
class ByteStream(ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream):
"""A bidirectional byte stream."""
@abstractmethod
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
"""
Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
"""
#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented receive streams.
AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = (
UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
)
#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented send streams.
AnyUnreliableByteSendStream: TypeAlias = (
UnreliableObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
)
#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented streams.
AnyUnreliableByteStream: TypeAlias = UnreliableObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented receive streams.
AnyByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = ObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented send streams.
AnyByteSendStream: TypeAlias = ObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented streams.
AnyByteStream: TypeAlias = ObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
class Listener(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider, Generic[T_co]):
"""An interface for objects that let you accept incoming connections."""
@abstractmethod
async def serve(
self, handler: Callable[[T_co], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
) -> None:
"""
Accept incoming connections as they come in and start tasks to handle them.
:param handler: a callable that will be used to handle each accepted connection
:param task_group: the task group that will be used to start tasks for handling
each accepted connection (if omitted, an ad-hoc task group will be created)
"""
class ObjectStreamConnectable(Generic[T_co], metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
async def connect(self) -> ObjectStream[T_co]:
"""
Connect to the remote endpoint.
:return: an object stream connected to the remote end
:raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
"""
class ByteStreamConnectable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
async def connect(self) -> ByteStream:
"""
Connect to the remote endpoint.
:return: a bytestream connected to the remote end
:raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
"""
#: Type alias for all connectables returning bytestreams or bytes-oriented object streams
AnyByteStreamConnectable: TypeAlias = (
ObjectStreamConnectable[bytes] | ByteStreamConnectable
)
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from abc import abstractmethod
from signal import Signals
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from ._resources import AsyncResource
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
class Process(AsyncResource):
"""An asynchronous version of :class:`subprocess.Popen`."""
@abstractmethod
async def wait(self) -> int:
"""
Wait until the process exits.
:return: the exit code of the process
"""
@abstractmethod
def terminate(self) -> None:
"""
Terminates the process, gracefully if possible.
On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGTERM`` to the process.
.. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`
"""
@abstractmethod
def kill(self) -> None:
"""
Kills the process.
On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGKILL`` to the process.
.. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`
"""
@abstractmethod
def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
"""
Send a signal to the subprocess.
.. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal`
:param signal: the signal number (e.g. :data:`signal.SIGHUP`)
"""
@property
@abstractmethod
def pid(self) -> int:
"""The process ID of the process."""
@property
@abstractmethod
def returncode(self) -> int | None:
"""
The return code of the process. If the process has not yet terminated, this will
be ``None``.
"""
@property
@abstractmethod
def stdin(self) -> ByteSendStream | None:
"""The stream for the standard input of the process."""
@property
@abstractmethod
def stdout(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
"""The stream for the standard output of the process."""
@property
@abstractmethod
def stderr(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
"""The stream for the standard error output of the process."""
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
from contextvars import Context
from types import TracebackType
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Protocol, final, overload
if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
from typing import TypeVar
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVar
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from .._core._tasks import CancelScope, TaskHandle
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True, default=None)
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
def get_coro_name(coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, object], override: object = None) -> str:
if override is not None:
return str(override)
try:
cr_frame = coro.cr_frame # type: ignore[attr-defined]
module = cr_frame.f_globals["__name__"]
except (AttributeError, KeyError):
module = None
qualname = getattr(coro, "__qualname__", None)
return ".".join([x for x in (module, qualname) if x])
def get_callable_name(func: Callable, override: object = None) -> str:
if override is not None:
return str(override)
module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
qualname = getattr(func, "__qualname__", None)
return ".".join([x for x in (module, qualname) if x])
def call_for_coroutine(
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
**kwargs: Any,
) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
"""
Call the given function with the given positional and keyword arguments.
:return: the resulting coroutine
:raises TypeError: if the return value was not a coroutine object
"""
coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
prefix = f"{func.__module__}." if hasattr(func, "__module__") else ""
raise TypeError(
f"Expected {prefix}{func.__qualname__}() to return a coroutine, but "
f"the return value ({coro!r}) is not a coroutine object"
)
return coro
class TaskStatus(Protocol[T_contra]):
@overload
def started(self: TaskStatus[None]) -> None: ...
@overload
def started(self, value: T_contra) -> None: ...
def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
"""
Signal that the task has started.
:param value: object passed back to the starter of the task
"""
class TaskGroup(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""
Groups several asynchronous tasks together.
:ivar cancel_scope: the cancel scope inherited by all child tasks
:vartype cancel_scope: CancelScope
.. note:: On asyncio, support for eager task factories is considered to be
**experimental**. In particular, they don't follow the usual semantics of new
tasks being scheduled on the next iteration of the event loop, and may thus
cause unexpected behavior in code that wasn't written with such semantics in
mind.
"""
cancel_scope: CancelScope
def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
"""
Cancel this task group's cancel scope immediately.
This is a shortcut for calling ``.cancel_scope.cancel()`` on the task group.
:param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
.. versionadded:: 4.14.0
"""
self.cancel_scope.cancel(reason)
@abstractmethod
def create_task(
self,
coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
*,
name: object = None,
context: Context | None = None,
) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
"""
Create a new task from a coroutine object and schedule it to run.
:param coro: a coroutine object
:param name: optional name to give the task
:param context: optional context to run the task in
:return: a task handle
.. versionadded:: 4.14.0
"""
@final
def start_soon(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
name: object = None,
) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
"""
Start a new task in this task group.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments to call the function with
:param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
:return: a task handle
.. versionadded:: 3.0
.. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
This method now returns a task handle.
"""
final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
return self.create_task(call_for_coroutine(func, args), name=final_name)
@overload
async def start(
self,
func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
return_handle: Literal[False] = ...,
) -> Any: ...
@overload
async def start(
self,
func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
return_handle: Literal[True],
) -> TaskHandle[T_co, Any]: ...
@abstractmethod
async def start(
self,
func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
return_handle: Literal[False, True] = False,
) -> Any:
"""
Start a new task and wait until it signals for readiness.
The target callable must accept a keyword argument ``task_status`` (of type
:class:`TaskStatus`). Awaiting on this method will return whatever was passed to
``task_status.started()`` (``None`` by default).
.. note:: The :class:`TaskStatus` class is generic, and the type argument should
indicate the type of the value that will be passed to
``task_status.started()``.
:param func: a coroutine function that accepts the ``task_status`` keyword
argument
:param args: positional arguments to call the function with
:param name: an optional name for the task, for introspection and debugging
:param return_handle: if ``True``, return a :class:`TaskHandle` which also
contains the start value in ``start_value``
:return: the value passed to ``task_status.started()``
:raises RuntimeError: if the task finishes without calling
``task_status.started()``
.. seealso:: :ref:`start_initialize`
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
@abstractmethod
async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
"""Enter the task group context and allow starting new tasks."""
@abstractmethod
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool:
"""Exit the task group context waiting for all tasks to finish."""
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import sys
import types
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable
from typing import Any, TypeVar
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import Self
else:
from typing_extensions import Self
_T = TypeVar("_T")
class TestRunner(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""
Encapsulates a running event loop. Every call made through this object will use the
same event loop.
"""
def __enter__(self) -> Self:
return self
@abstractmethod
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None: ...
@abstractmethod
def run_asyncgen_fixture(
self,
fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[_T, Any]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> Iterable[_T]:
"""
Run an async generator fixture.
:param fixture_func: the fixture function
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
:return: an iterator yielding the value yielded from the async generator
"""
@abstractmethod
def run_fixture(
self,
fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> _T:
"""
Run an async fixture.
:param fixture_func: the fixture function
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
:return: the return value of the fixture function
"""
@abstractmethod
def run_test(
self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
) -> None:
"""
Run an async test function.
:param test_func: the test function
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the test function with
"""
@abstractmethod
def is_running(self) -> bool:
"""
Check if the test runner is running.
:return: ``True`` if the coroutine is currently being run, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"BlockingPortal",
"BlockingPortalProvider",
"check_cancelled",
"run",
"run_sync",
"start_blocking_portal",
)
import sys
from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Generator
from concurrent.futures import Future
from contextlib import (
AbstractAsyncContextManager,
AbstractContextManager,
contextmanager,
)
from contextvars import Context
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from functools import partial
from inspect import isawaitable
from threading import Lock, Thread, current_thread, get_ident
from types import TracebackType
from typing import (
Any,
Generic,
TypeVar,
cast,
overload,
)
from ._core._eventloop import (
get_cancelled_exc_class,
threadlocals,
)
from ._core._eventloop import run as run_eventloop
from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
from ._core._synchronization import Event
from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, create_task_group
from .abc._tasks import TaskStatus
from .lowlevel import EventLoopToken, current_token
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import Self, TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import Self, TypeVarTuple, Unpack
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
def _token_or_error(token: EventLoopToken | None) -> EventLoopToken:
if token is not None:
return token
try:
return threadlocals.current_token
except AttributeError:
raise NoEventLoopError(
"Not running inside an AnyIO worker thread, and no event loop token was "
"provided"
) from None
def run(
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
) -> T_co:
"""
Call a coroutine function from a worker thread.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments for the callable
:param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
(required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
:return: the return value of the coroutine function
:raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
AnyIO worker thread
:raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
.. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
Added the ``token`` parameter.
"""
explicit_token = token is not None
token = _token_or_error(token)
return token.backend_class.run_async_from_thread(
func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
)
def run_sync(
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call a function in the event loop thread from a worker thread.
:param func: a callable
:param args: positional arguments for the callable
:param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
(required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
:return: the return value of the callable
:raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
AnyIO worker thread
:raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
.. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
Added the ``token`` parameter.
"""
explicit_token = token is not None
token = _token_or_error(token)
return token.backend_class.run_sync_from_thread(
func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
)
class _BlockingAsyncContextManager(AbstractContextManager, Generic[T_co]):
_enter_future: Future[T_co]
_exit_future: Future[bool | None]
_exit_event: Event
_exit_exc_info: tuple[
type[BaseException] | None, BaseException | None, TracebackType | None
] = (None, None, None)
def __init__(
self, async_cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co], portal: BlockingPortal
):
self._async_cm = async_cm
self._portal = portal
async def run_async_cm(self) -> bool | None:
try:
self._exit_event = Event()
value = await self._async_cm.__aenter__()
except BaseException as exc:
self._enter_future.set_exception(exc)
raise
else:
self._enter_future.set_result(value)
try:
# Wait for the sync context manager to exit.
# This next statement can raise `get_cancelled_exc_class()` if
# something went wrong in a task group in this async context
# manager.
await self._exit_event.wait()
finally:
# In case of cancellation, it could be that we end up here before
# `_BlockingAsyncContextManager.__exit__` is called, and an
# `_exit_exc_info` has been set.
result = await self._async_cm.__aexit__(*self._exit_exc_info)
return result
def __enter__(self) -> T_co:
self._enter_future = Future()
self._exit_future = self._portal.start_task_soon(self.run_async_cm)
return self._enter_future.result()
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_value: BaseException | None,
traceback: TracebackType | None,
/,
) -> bool | None:
self._exit_exc_info = exc_type, exc_value, traceback
self._portal.call(self._exit_event.set)
return self._exit_future.result()
class _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(TaskStatus):
def __init__(self, future: Future):
self._future = future
def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
self._future.set_result(value)
class BlockingPortal:
"""
An object that lets external threads run code in an asynchronous event loop.
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._token = current_token()
self._event_loop_thread_id: int | None = get_ident()
self._stop_event = Event()
self._task_group = create_task_group()
async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:
await self._task_group.__aenter__()
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool:
await self.stop()
return await self._task_group.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
def _check_running(self) -> None:
if self._event_loop_thread_id is None:
raise RuntimeError("This portal is not running")
if self._event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
raise RuntimeError(
"This method cannot be called from the event loop thread"
)
async def sleep_until_stopped(self) -> None:
"""Sleep until :meth:`stop` is called."""
await self._stop_event.wait()
async def stop(self, cancel_remaining: bool = False) -> None:
"""
Signal the portal to shut down.
This marks the portal as no longer accepting new calls and exits from
:meth:`sleep_until_stopped`.
:param cancel_remaining: ``True`` to cancel all the remaining tasks, ``False``
to let them finish before returning
"""
self._event_loop_thread_id = None
self._stop_event.set()
if cancel_remaining:
self._task_group.cancel_scope.cancel("the blocking portal is shutting down")
async def _call_func(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
future: Future[T_Retval],
) -> None:
event_loop_thread_id = self._event_loop_thread_id
def callback(f: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
if f.cancelled():
if event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
scope.cancel("the future was cancelled")
elif event_loop_thread_id is not None:
run_sync(
scope.cancel, "the future was cancelled", token=self._token
)
try:
retval_or_awaitable = func(*args, **kwargs)
if isawaitable(retval_or_awaitable):
with CancelScope() as scope:
future.add_done_callback(callback)
retval = await retval_or_awaitable
else:
retval = retval_or_awaitable
except get_cancelled_exc_class():
future.cancel()
future.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
except BaseException as exc:
if not future.cancelled():
future.set_exception(exc)
# Let base exceptions fall through
if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
raise
else:
if not future.cancelled():
future.set_result(retval)
finally:
scope = None # type: ignore[assignment]
def _spawn_task_from_thread(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
name: object,
future: Future[T_Retval],
) -> None:
"""
Spawn a new task using the given callable.
:param func: a callable
:param args: positional arguments to be passed to the callable
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to be passed to the callable
:param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
:param future: a future that will resolve to the return value of the callable,
or the exception raised during its execution
"""
run_sync(
partial(self._task_group.start_soon, name=name),
self._call_func,
func,
args,
kwargs,
future,
token=self._token,
)
@overload
def call(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
) -> T_Retval: ...
@overload
def call(
self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
) -> T_Retval: ...
def call(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call the given function in the event loop thread.
If the callable returns a coroutine object, it is awaited on.
:param func: any callable
:raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
from within the event loop thread
"""
return cast(T_Retval, self.start_task_soon(func, *args).result())
@overload
def start_task_soon(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
name: object = None,
) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
@overload
def start_task_soon(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
name: object = None,
) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
def start_task_soon(
self,
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
name: object = None,
) -> Future[T_Retval]:
"""
Start a task in the portal's task group.
The task will be run inside a cancel scope which can be cancelled by cancelling
the returned future.
:param func: the target function
:param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
:param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
:return: a future that resolves with the return value of the callable if the
task completes successfully, or with the exception raised in the task
:raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
from within the event loop thread
:rtype: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval]
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
self._check_running()
f: Future[T_Retval] = Future()
self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {}, name, f)
return f
def start_task(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> tuple[Future[T_Retval], Any]:
"""
Start a task in the portal's task group and wait until it signals for readiness.
This method works the same way as :meth:`.abc.TaskGroup.start`.
:param func: the target function
:param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
:param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
:return: a tuple of (future, task_status_value) where the ``task_status_value``
is the value passed to ``task_status.started()`` from within the target
function
:rtype: tuple[concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval], Any]
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
def task_done(future: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
if not task_status_future.done():
if future.cancelled():
task_status_future.cancel()
elif future.exception():
task_status_future.set_exception(future.exception())
else:
exc = RuntimeError(
"Task exited without calling task_status.started()"
)
task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
self._check_running()
task_status_future: Future = Future()
task_status = _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(task_status_future)
f: Future = Future()
f.add_done_callback(task_done)
self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {"task_status": task_status}, name, f)
return f, task_status_future.result()
def wrap_async_context_manager(
self, cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co]
) -> AbstractContextManager[T_co]:
"""
Wrap an async context manager as a synchronous context manager via this portal.
Spawns a task that will call both ``__aenter__()`` and ``__aexit__()``, stopping
in the middle until the synchronous context manager exits.
:param cm: an asynchronous context manager
:return: a synchronous context manager
.. versionadded:: 2.1
"""
return _BlockingAsyncContextManager(cm, self)
@dataclass
class BlockingPortalProvider:
"""
A manager for a blocking portal. Used as a context manager. The first thread to
enter this context manager causes a blocking portal to be started with the specific
parameters, and the last thread to exit causes the portal to be shut down. Thus,
there will be exactly one blocking portal running in this context as long as at
least one thread has entered this context manager.
The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
:param backend: name of the backend
:param backend_options: backend options
.. versionadded:: 4.4
"""
backend: str = "asyncio"
backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None
_lock: Lock = field(init=False, default_factory=Lock)
_leases: int = field(init=False, default=0)
_portal: BlockingPortal = field(init=False)
_portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = field(
init=False, default=None
)
def __enter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
with self._lock:
if self._portal_cm is None:
self._portal_cm = start_blocking_portal(
self.backend, self.backend_options
)
self._portal = self._portal_cm.__enter__()
self._leases += 1
return self._portal
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = None
with self._lock:
assert self._portal_cm
assert self._leases > 0
self._leases -= 1
if not self._leases:
portal_cm = self._portal_cm
self._portal_cm = None
del self._portal
if portal_cm:
portal_cm.__exit__(None, None, None)
@contextmanager
def start_blocking_portal(
backend: str = "asyncio",
backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
*,
name: str | None = None,
) -> Generator[BlockingPortal, Any, None]:
"""
Start a new event loop in a new thread and run a blocking portal in its main task.
The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
:param backend: name of the backend
:param backend_options: backend options
:param name: name of the thread
:return: a context manager that yields a blocking portal
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Usage as a context manager is now required.
"""
async def run_portal() -> None:
async with BlockingPortal() as portal_:
if name is None:
current_thread().name = f"{backend}-portal-{id(portal_):x}"
future.set_result(portal_)
await portal_.sleep_until_stopped()
def run_blocking_portal() -> None:
if future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
try:
run_eventloop(
run_portal, backend=backend, backend_options=backend_options
)
except BaseException as exc:
if not future.done():
future.set_exception(exc)
future: Future[BlockingPortal] = Future()
kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
kwargs["context"] = Context()
thread = Thread(target=run_blocking_portal, daemon=True, name=name, **kwargs)
thread.start()
try:
cancel_remaining_tasks = False
portal = future.result()
try:
yield portal
except BaseException:
cancel_remaining_tasks = True
raise
finally:
try:
portal.call(portal.stop, cancel_remaining_tasks)
except RuntimeError:
pass
finally:
thread.join()
def check_cancelled() -> None:
"""
Check if the cancel scope of the host task's running the current worker thread has
been cancelled.
If the host task's current cancel scope has indeed been cancelled, the
backend-specific cancellation exception will be raised.
:raises RuntimeError: if the current thread was not spawned by
:func:`.to_thread.run_sync`
"""
try:
token: EventLoopToken = threadlocals.current_token
except AttributeError:
raise NoEventLoopError(
"This function can only be called inside an AnyIO worker thread"
) from None
token.backend_class.check_cancelled()
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"AsyncCacheInfo",
"AsyncCacheParameters",
"AsyncLRUCacheWrapper",
"cache",
"lru_cache",
"reduce",
)
import functools
from collections import OrderedDict
from collections.abc import (
AsyncIterable,
Awaitable,
Callable,
Coroutine,
Hashable,
Iterable,
)
from functools import update_wrapper
from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
from typing import (
Any,
Generic,
NamedTuple,
ParamSpec,
TypedDict,
TypeVar,
cast,
final,
overload,
)
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
from ._core._eventloop import current_time
from ._core._synchronization import Lock
from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint
T = TypeVar("T")
S = TypeVar("S")
P = ParamSpec("P")
lru_cache_items: RunVar[
WeakKeyDictionary[
AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[Any, Any],
OrderedDict[
Hashable,
tuple[_InitialMissingType, Lock, float | None]
| tuple[Any, None, float | None],
],
]
] = RunVar("lru_cache_items")
class _InitialMissingType:
pass
initial_missing: _InitialMissingType = _InitialMissingType()
class AsyncCacheInfo(NamedTuple):
hits: int
misses: int
maxsize: int | None
currsize: int
ttl: int | None
class AsyncCacheParameters(TypedDict):
maxsize: int | None
typed: bool
always_checkpoint: bool
ttl: int | None
class _LRUMethodWrapper(Generic[T]):
def __init__(self, wrapper: AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[..., T], instance: object):
self.__wrapper = wrapper
self.__instance = instance
def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
return self.__wrapper.cache_info()
def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
return self.__wrapper.cache_parameters()
def cache_clear(self) -> None:
self.__wrapper.cache_clear()
async def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T:
if self.__instance is None:
return await self.__wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
return await self.__wrapper(self.__instance, *args, **kwargs)
@final
class AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(Generic[P, T]):
def __init__(
self,
func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T]],
maxsize: int | None,
typed: bool,
always_checkpoint: bool,
ttl: int | None,
):
self.__wrapped__ = func
self._hits: int = 0
self._misses: int = 0
self._maxsize = max(maxsize, 0) if maxsize is not None else None
self._currsize: int = 0
self._typed = typed
self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
self._ttl = ttl
update_wrapper(self, func)
def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
return AsyncCacheInfo(
self._hits, self._misses, self._maxsize, self._currsize, self._ttl
)
def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
return {
"maxsize": self._maxsize,
"typed": self._typed,
"always_checkpoint": self._always_checkpoint,
"ttl": self._ttl,
}
def cache_clear(self) -> None:
if cache := lru_cache_items.get(None):
cache.pop(self, None)
self._hits = self._misses = self._currsize = 0
async def __call__(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
# Easy case first: if maxsize == 0, no caching is done
if self._maxsize == 0:
value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
self._misses += 1
return value
# The key is constructed as a flat tuple to avoid memory overhead
key: tuple[Any, ...] = args
if kwargs:
# initial_missing is used as a separator
key += (initial_missing,) + sum(kwargs.items(), ())
if self._typed:
key += tuple(type(arg) for arg in args)
if kwargs:
key += (initial_missing,) + tuple(type(val) for val in kwargs.values())
try:
cache = lru_cache_items.get()
except LookupError:
cache = WeakKeyDictionary()
lru_cache_items.set(cache)
try:
cache_entry = cache[self]
except KeyError:
cache_entry = cache[self] = OrderedDict()
cached_value: T | _InitialMissingType
try:
cached_value, lock, expires_at = cache_entry[key]
except KeyError:
# We're the first task to call this function
cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
initial_missing,
Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
None,
)
cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
if lock is None:
if expires_at is not None and current_time() >= expires_at:
self._currsize -= 1
cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
initial_missing,
Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
None,
)
cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
else:
# The value was already cached
self._hits += 1
cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
if self._always_checkpoint:
await checkpoint()
return cast(T, cached_value)
async with lock:
# Check if another task filled the cache while we acquired the lock
if (cached_value := cache_entry[key][0]) is initial_missing:
self._misses += 1
if self._maxsize is not None and self._currsize >= self._maxsize:
cache_entry.popitem(last=False)
else:
self._currsize += 1
value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
expires_at = (
current_time() + self._ttl if self._ttl is not None else None
)
cache_entry[key] = value, None, expires_at
else:
# Another task filled the cache while we were waiting for the lock
self._hits += 1
cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
value = cast(T, cached_value)
return value
def __get__(
self, instance: object, owner: type | None = None
) -> _LRUMethodWrapper[T]:
wrapper = _LRUMethodWrapper(self, instance)
update_wrapper(wrapper, self.__wrapped__)
return wrapper
class _LRUCacheWrapper:
def __init__(
self, maxsize: int | None, typed: bool, always_checkpoint: bool, ttl: int | None
):
self._maxsize = maxsize
self._typed = typed
self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
self._ttl = ttl
@overload
def __call__( # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
self, func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
@overload
def __call__(
self, func: Callable[..., T], /
) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
def __call__(
self, f: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]] | Callable[..., T], /
) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T] | functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]:
if iscoroutinefunction(f):
return AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(
f, self._maxsize, self._typed, self._always_checkpoint, self._ttl
)
return functools.lru_cache(maxsize=self._maxsize, typed=self._typed)(f) # type: ignore[arg-type]
@overload
def cache( # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
@overload
def cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
def cache(func: Callable[..., Any] | Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], /) -> Any:
"""
A convenient shortcut for :func:`lru_cache` with ``maxsize=None``.
This is the asynchronous equivalent to :func:`functools.cache`.
"""
return lru_cache(maxsize=None)(func)
@overload
def lru_cache(
*,
maxsize: int | None = ...,
typed: bool = ...,
always_checkpoint: bool = ...,
ttl: int | None = ...,
) -> _LRUCacheWrapper: ...
@overload
def lru_cache( # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
@overload
def lru_cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
def lru_cache(
func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]] | Callable[..., Any] | None = None,
/,
*,
maxsize: int | None = 128,
typed: bool = False,
always_checkpoint: bool = False,
ttl: int | None = None,
) -> Any:
"""
An asynchronous version of :func:`functools.lru_cache`.
If a synchronous function is passed, the standard library
:func:`functools.lru_cache` is applied instead.
:param always_checkpoint: if ``True``, every call to the cached function will be
guaranteed to yield control to the event loop at least once
:param ttl: time in seconds after which to invalidate cache entries
.. note:: Caches and locks are managed on a per-event loop basis.
"""
if func is None:
return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)
if not callable(func):
raise TypeError("the first argument must be callable")
return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)(func)
@overload
async def reduce(
function: Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
iterable: Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[S],
/,
initial: T,
) -> T: ...
@overload
async def reduce(
function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]],
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
/,
) -> T: ...
async def reduce( # type: ignore[misc]
function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] | Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
iterable: Iterable[T] | Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[T] | AsyncIterable[S],
/,
initial: T | _InitialMissingType = initial_missing,
) -> T:
"""
Asynchronous version of :func:`functools.reduce`.
:param function: a coroutine function that takes two arguments: the accumulated
value and the next element from the iterable
:param iterable: an iterable or async iterable
:param initial: the initial value (if missing, the first element of the iterable is
used as the initial value)
"""
element: Any
function_called = False
if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
async_it = iterable.__aiter__()
if initial is initial_missing:
try:
value = cast(T, await async_it.__anext__())
except StopAsyncIteration:
raise TypeError(
"reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
) from None
else:
value = cast(T, initial)
async for element in async_it:
value = await function(value, element)
function_called = True
elif isinstance(iterable, Iterable):
it = iter(iterable)
if initial is initial_missing:
try:
value = cast(T, next(it))
except StopIteration:
raise TypeError(
"reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
) from None
else:
value = cast(T, initial)
for element in it:
value = await function(value, element)
function_called = True
else:
raise TypeError("reduce() argument 2 must be an iterable or async iterable")
# Make sure there is at least one checkpoint, even if an empty iterable and an
# initial value were given
if not function_called:
await checkpoint()
return value
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"Chain",
"accumulate",
"batched",
"combinations",
"combinations_with_replacement",
"compress",
"count",
"cycle",
"dropwhile",
"filterfalse",
"groupby",
"islice",
"pairwise",
"permutations",
"product",
"repeat",
"starmap",
"takewhile",
"tee",
"zip_longest",
)
import itertools
import operator
import sys
from collections.abc import (
AsyncGenerator,
AsyncIterable,
AsyncIterator,
Awaitable,
Callable,
Iterable,
Iterator,
)
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, cast, overload
from ._core._synchronization import Lock
from ._core._tasks import CancelScope
from .lowlevel import cancel_shielded_checkpoint, checkpoint, checkpoint_if_cancelled
if sys.version_info < (3, 15):
from typing_extensions import sentinel
T = TypeVar("T")
R = TypeVar("R")
_tee_end = sentinel("_tee_end")
@dataclass(eq=False)
class _IterableAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
iterator: Iterator[T]
async def __anext__(self) -> T:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
try:
result = next(self.iterator)
except StopIteration:
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
raise StopAsyncIteration from None
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
return result
def _iterate(iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]) -> AsyncIterator[T]:
if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterator):
return iterable
if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
return iterable.__aiter__()
return _IterableAsyncIterator(iter(iterable))
@dataclass(eq=False)
class _TeeLink(Generic[T]):
value: object | None = None
next: _TeeLink[T] | None = None
filled: bool = False
@dataclass(eq=False)
class _TeeState(Generic[T]):
iterator: AsyncIterator[T]
lock: Lock = field(default_factory=Lock)
async def fill(self, link: _TeeLink[T]) -> bool:
if link.filled:
return False
async with self.lock:
if link.filled:
return True
link.value = await anext(self.iterator, _tee_end)
if link.value is not _tee_end:
link.next = _TeeLink()
link.filled = True
return True
class _TeeAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
_state: _TeeState[T]
_link: _TeeLink[T]
_element_yielded: bool
def __init__(
self, iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T] | _TeeAsyncIterator[T]
) -> None:
if isinstance(iterable, _TeeAsyncIterator):
self._state = iterable._state
self._link = iterable._link
else:
self._state = _TeeState(_iterate(iterable))
self._link = _TeeLink()
self._element_yielded = False
async def __anext__(self) -> T:
had_yieldpoint = await self._state.fill(self._link)
if self._link.value is _tee_end:
if not self._element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
raise StopAsyncIteration
if not had_yieldpoint:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
self._element_yielded = True
value = cast(T, self._link.value)
next_link = self._link.next
assert next_link is not None
self._link = next_link
if not had_yieldpoint:
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
return value
async def _operator_add(x: T, y: T) -> T:
return operator.add(x, y)
async def accumulate(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] = _operator_add,
*,
initial: T | None = None,
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
iterator = _iterate(iterable)
if initial is None:
try:
total = await anext(iterator)
except StopAsyncIteration:
await checkpoint()
return
else:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
total = initial
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
yield total
async for element in iterator:
total = await function(total, element)
yield total
async def batched(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int, *, strict: bool = False
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
if n < 1:
raise ValueError("n must be at least one")
iterator = _iterate(iterable)
while True:
batch: list[T] = []
for _ in range(n):
try:
batch.append(await anext(iterator))
except StopAsyncIteration:
if not batch:
await checkpoint()
return
if strict:
raise ValueError("batched(): incomplete batch") from None
yield tuple(batch)
return
yield tuple(batch)
class Chain:
def __call__(
self, *iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
return self.from_iterable(iterables)
async def from_iterable(
self,
iterables: (
Iterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
| AsyncIterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
),
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
element_yielded = False
outer_iter = _iterate(iterables)
try:
async for iterable in outer_iter:
async for element in _iterate(iterable):
element_yielded = True
yield element
finally:
aclose = getattr(outer_iter, "aclose", None)
if aclose is not None:
with CancelScope(shield=True):
await aclose()
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
chain: Chain = Chain()
async def combinations(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations(pool, r)):
yield combination
async def combinations_with_replacement(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations_with_replacement(pool, r)):
yield combination
async def compress(
data: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
selectors: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
data_iterator = _iterate(data)
selector_iterator = _iterate(selectors)
element_yielded = False
while True:
try:
datum = await anext(data_iterator)
selector = await anext(selector_iterator)
except StopAsyncIteration:
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
return
if selector:
element_yielded = True
yield datum
async def count(start: int = 0, step: int = 1) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:
n = start
while True:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
value = n
n += step
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
yield value
async def cycle(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
saved: list[T] = []
async for element in _iterate(iterable):
saved.append(element)
yield element
if not saved:
await checkpoint()
return
while True:
for element in saved:
await checkpoint()
yield element
async def dropwhile(
predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
element_yielded = False
dropping = True
async for element in _iterate(iterable):
if dropping and await predicate(element):
continue
dropping = False
element_yielded = True
yield element
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
async def filterfalse(
predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
element_yielded = False
async for element in _iterate(iterable):
if not await predicate(element):
element_yielded = True
yield element
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
@overload
def groupby(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, list[T]], None]: ...
@overload
def groupby(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[R]],
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[R, list[T]], None]: ...
async def groupby(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]] | None = None,
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, list[T]], None]:
iterator = _iterate(iterable)
try:
element = await anext(iterator)
except StopAsyncIteration:
await checkpoint()
return
group_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
values = [element]
async for element in iterator:
next_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
if next_key != group_key:
completed_group = group_key, values
group_key = next_key
values = [element]
yield completed_group
else:
values.append(element)
yield group_key, values
@overload
def islice(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
stop: int | None,
/,
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
@overload
def islice(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
start: int | None,
stop: int | None,
step: int | None = 1,
/,
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
async def islice(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
*args: int | None,
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
if not args:
raise TypeError("islice expected at least 2 arguments, got 1")
if len(args) > 3:
raise TypeError(f"islice expected at most 4 arguments, got {len(args) + 1}")
slice_args = slice(*args)
start_message = (
"Indices for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
)
stop_message = (
"Stop argument for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
)
step_message = "Step for islice() must be a positive integer or None."
def normalize_index(value: object, message: str) -> int:
try:
index = operator.index(cast(Any, value))
except TypeError:
raise ValueError(message) from None
if index < 0 or index > sys.maxsize:
raise ValueError(message)
return index
start = (
0
if slice_args.start is None
else normalize_index(slice_args.start, start_message)
)
stop = (
None
if slice_args.stop is None
else normalize_index(slice_args.stop, stop_message)
)
step = (
1 if slice_args.step is None else normalize_index(slice_args.step, step_message)
)
if step <= 0:
raise ValueError(step_message)
if stop == 0 or start == stop:
await checkpoint()
return
iterator = _iterate(iterable)
index = 0
element_yielded = False
while stop is None or index < stop:
try:
element = await anext(iterator)
except StopAsyncIteration:
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
return
if index >= start and (index - start) % step == 0:
index += 1
element_yielded = True
yield element
else:
index += 1
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
async def pairwise(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, T], None]:
iterator = _iterate(iterable)
try:
previous = await anext(iterator)
except StopAsyncIteration:
await checkpoint()
return
element_yielded = False
async for element in iterator:
element_yielded = True
pair = (previous, element)
previous = element
yield pair
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
async def permutations(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int | None = None
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
n = len(pool)
if r is None:
r = n
elif not isinstance(r, int):
raise TypeError("Expected int as r")
elif r < 0:
raise ValueError("r must be non-negative")
async for permutation in _iterate(itertools.permutations(pool, r)):
yield permutation
async def product(
*iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], repeat: int = 1
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
repeat = operator.index(repeat)
if repeat < 0:
raise ValueError("repeat argument cannot be negative")
pools: list[tuple[T, ...]] = []
for iterable in iterables:
pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
pools.append(tuple(pool))
async for value in _iterate(itertools.product(*pools, repeat=repeat)):
yield value
async def repeat(element: T, times: int | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
if times is None:
while True:
await checkpoint()
yield element
remaining = operator.index(cast(Any, times))
if remaining <= 0:
await checkpoint()
return
while remaining > 0:
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
remaining -= 1
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
yield element
async def starmap(
function: Callable[..., Awaitable[R]],
iterable: (
Iterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
| AsyncIterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
),
) -> AsyncGenerator[R, None]:
result_yielded = False
async for args_iterable in _iterate(iterable):
args = [element async for element in _iterate(args_iterable)]
result_yielded = True
yield await function(*args)
if not result_yielded:
await checkpoint()
def tee(
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int = 2
) -> tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]:
n = operator.index(cast(Any, n))
if n < 0:
raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
if n == 0:
return ()
iterator = _TeeAsyncIterator(iterable)
iterators: list[AsyncIterator[T]] = [iterator]
iterators.extend(_TeeAsyncIterator(iterator) for _ in range(n - 1))
return tuple(iterators)
async def takewhile(
predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
element_yielded = False
async for element in _iterate(iterable):
if not await predicate(element):
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
return
element_yielded = True
yield element
if not element_yielded:
await checkpoint()
async def zip_longest(
*iterables: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
fillvalue: object = None,
) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, ...], None]:
iterators = [_iterate(iterable) for iterable in iterables]
num_active = len(iterators)
if not num_active:
await checkpoint()
return
active = [True] * num_active
tuple_yielded = False
while True:
values: list[object] = []
for index, iterator in enumerate(iterators):
if not active[index]:
values.append(fillvalue)
continue
try:
value = await anext(iterator)
except StopAsyncIteration:
active[index] = False
num_active -= 1
if not num_active:
if not tuple_yielded:
await checkpoint()
return
value = fillvalue
values.append(value)
tuple_yielded = True
yield tuple(values)
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"EventLoopToken",
"RunVar",
"RunvarToken",
"cancel_shielded_checkpoint",
"checkpoint",
"checkpoint_if_cancelled",
"current_token",
)
import enum
from dataclasses import dataclass
from types import TracebackType
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, final, overload
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from .abc import AsyncBackend
T = TypeVar("T")
D = TypeVar("D")
async def checkpoint() -> None:
"""
Check for cancellation and allow the scheduler to switch to another task.
Equivalent to (but more efficient than)::
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
await get_async_backend().checkpoint()
async def checkpoint_if_cancelled() -> None:
"""
Enter a checkpoint if the enclosing cancel scope has been cancelled.
This does not allow the scheduler to switch to a different task.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
await get_async_backend().checkpoint_if_cancelled()
async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint() -> None:
"""
Allow the scheduler to switch to another task but without checking for cancellation.
Equivalent to (but potentially more efficient than)::
with CancelScope(shield=True):
await checkpoint()
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
await get_async_backend().cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
@final
@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False)
class EventLoopToken:
"""
An opaque object that holds a reference to an event loop.
.. versionadded:: 4.11.0
"""
backend_class: type[AsyncBackend]
native_token: object
def current_token() -> EventLoopToken:
"""
Return a token object that can be used to call code in the current event loop from
another thread.
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
.. versionadded:: 4.11.0
"""
backend_class = get_async_backend()
raw_token = backend_class.current_token()
return EventLoopToken(backend_class, raw_token)
_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[object, dict[RunVar[Any], Any]] = WeakKeyDictionary()
class _NoValueSet(enum.Enum):
NO_VALUE_SET = enum.auto()
class RunvarToken(Generic[T]):
"""
A token that can be used to restore a :class:`RunVar` to its previous value.
Returned by :meth:`RunVar.set`. Can be used as a context manager to automatically
reset the variable on exit, or passed directly to :meth:`RunVar.reset`.
"""
__slots__ = "_redeemed", "_value", "_var"
def __init__(self, var: RunVar[T], value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET]):
self._var = var
self._value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = value
self._redeemed = False
def __enter__(self) -> RunvarToken[T]:
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self._var.reset(self)
class RunVar(Generic[T]):
"""
Like a :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, except scoped to the running event loop.
Can be used as a context manager, Just like :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, that
will reset the variable to its previous value when the context block is exited.
"""
__slots__ = "_default", "_name"
NO_VALUE_SET: Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET
def __init__(
self, name: str, default: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
):
self._name = name
self._default = default
@property
def _current_vars(self) -> dict[RunVar[T], T]:
native_token = current_token().native_token
try:
return _run_vars[native_token]
except KeyError:
run_vars = _run_vars[native_token] = {}
return run_vars
@overload
def get(self, default: D) -> T | D: ...
@overload
def get(self) -> T: ...
def get(
self, default: D | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
) -> T | D:
"""
Return the current value of this run variable.
:param default: a fallback value to return if no value has been set
:return: the current value, the provided default, or the variable's own default
:raises LookupError: if no value is set and no default is available
"""
try:
return self._current_vars[self]
except KeyError:
if default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
return default
elif self._default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
return self._default
raise LookupError(
f'Run variable "{self._name}" has no value and no default set'
)
def set(self, value: T) -> RunvarToken[T]:
"""
Set the value of this run variable for the current event loop.
:param value: the new value
:return: a token that can be used to restore the previous value
"""
current_vars = self._current_vars
token = RunvarToken(self, current_vars.get(self, RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET))
current_vars[self] = value
return token
def reset(self, token: RunvarToken[T]) -> None:
"""
Restore this run variable to the value it held before the matching :meth:`set`.
:param token: the token returned by :meth:`set`
:raises ValueError: if the token belongs to a different :class:`RunVar` or the token
has already been used
"""
if token._var is not self:
raise ValueError("This token does not belong to this RunVar")
if token._redeemed:
raise ValueError("This token has already been used")
if token._value is _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET:
try:
del self._current_vars[self]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
self._current_vars[self] = token._value
token._redeemed = True
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"<RunVar name={self._name!r}>"
Whitespace-only changes.
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import dataclasses
import socket
import sys
from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterator
from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
from inspect import isasyncgenfunction, iscoroutinefunction, ismethod
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
import pytest
from _pytest.fixtures import FuncFixtureInfo, SubRequest
from _pytest.outcomes import Exit
from _pytest.scope import Scope
from . import get_available_backends
from ._core._eventloop import (
current_async_library,
get_async_backend,
reset_current_async_library,
set_current_async_library,
)
from ._core._exceptions import iterate_exceptions
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from .abc import TestRunner
if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
if TYPE_CHECKING:
# pytest >= 9.2 keeps CallSpec2 as a TYPE_CHECKING-only alias of CallSpec
from _pytest.python import CallSpec2 as CallSpec
else:
try:
# c.f. https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/pull/14742
# pytest >= 9.2
from _pytest.python import CallSpec
except ImportError:
from _pytest.python import CallSpec2 as CallSpec
_current_runner: TestRunner | None = None
_runner_stack: ExitStack | None = None
_runner_leases = 0
def extract_backend_and_options(backend: object) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Any]]:
if isinstance(backend, str):
return backend, {}
elif isinstance(backend, tuple) and len(backend) == 2:
if isinstance(backend[0], str) and isinstance(backend[1], dict):
return cast(tuple[str, dict[str, Any]], backend)
raise TypeError("anyio_backend must be either a string or tuple of (string, dict)")
@contextmanager
def get_runner(
backend_name: str, backend_options: dict[str, Any]
) -> Iterator[TestRunner]:
global _current_runner, _runner_leases, _runner_stack
if _current_runner is None:
asynclib = get_async_backend(backend_name)
_runner_stack = ExitStack()
if current_async_library() is None:
# Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the
# async library
token = set_current_async_library(backend_name)
_runner_stack.callback(reset_current_async_library, token)
backend_options = backend_options or {}
_current_runner = _runner_stack.enter_context(
asynclib.create_test_runner(backend_options)
)
_runner_leases += 1
try:
yield _current_runner
finally:
_runner_leases -= 1
if not _runner_leases:
assert _runner_stack is not None
_runner_stack.close()
_runner_stack = _current_runner = None
def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
group = parser.getgroup("anyio")
parser.addini(
"anyio_mode",
default="strict",
help='AnyIO plugin mode (either "strict" or "auto")',
)
group.addoption(
"--anyio-mode",
default=None,
dest="anyio_mode",
help="""
'auto' - All async test functions will be handled by AnyIO pytest plugin
'strict' - Disabling autoprocessing(useful when anyio tests
need to coexist with other async test plugins)
""",
)
def _is_auto_mode(config: pytest.Config, mode: str) -> bool:
return (
config.getoption(mode, default=None) == "auto" or config.getini(mode) == "auto"
)
def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
config.addinivalue_line(
"markers",
"anyio: mark the (coroutine function) test to be run asynchronously via anyio.",
)
if (
_is_auto_mode(config, "anyio_mode")
and config.pluginmanager.has_plugin("asyncio")
and _is_auto_mode(config, "asyncio_mode")
):
config.issue_config_time_warning(
pytest.PytestConfigWarning(
"AnyIO auto mode has been enabled together with pytest-asyncio auto "
"mode. This may cause unexpected behavior."
),
1,
)
@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_fixture_setup(fixturedef: Any, request: Any) -> Generator[Any]:
def wrapper(anyio_backend: Any, request: SubRequest, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
# Rebind any fixture methods to the request instance
if (
request.instance
and ismethod(func)
and type(func.__self__) is type(request.instance)
):
local_func = func.__func__.__get__(request.instance)
else:
local_func = func
backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(anyio_backend)
if has_backend_arg:
kwargs["anyio_backend"] = anyio_backend
if has_request_arg:
kwargs["request"] = request
with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
# re-entrant call into the test runner detected. this happens when an async fixture
# is dynamically requested via request.getfixturevalue() from inside a running async
# test or fixture. on asyncio this raises RuntimeError: This event loop is already
# running, on trio the runner deadlocks - the host loop blocks waiting for the
# coroutine to return, but the coroutine is waiting for the host loop. raising here
# prevents the hang and gives a consistent error across backends.
if runner.is_running():
raise RuntimeError(
"Cannot schedule a coroutine in the test runner while another is already running; "
"likely caused by request.getfixturevalue() on an async fixture."
)
if isasyncgenfunction(local_func):
yield from runner.run_asyncgen_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
else:
yield runner.run_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
# Only apply this to coroutine functions and async generator functions in requests
# that involve the anyio_backend fixture
func = fixturedef.func
if isasyncgenfunction(func) or iscoroutinefunction(func):
if "anyio_backend" in request.fixturenames:
fixturedef.func = wrapper
original_argname = fixturedef.argnames
if not (has_backend_arg := "anyio_backend" in fixturedef.argnames):
fixturedef.argnames += ("anyio_backend",)
if not (has_request_arg := "request" in fixturedef.argnames):
fixturedef.argnames += ("request",)
try:
return (yield)
finally:
fixturedef.func = func
fixturedef.argnames = original_argname
return (yield)
@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
collector: pytest.Module | pytest.Class, name: str, obj: object
) -> None:
if collector.istestfunction(obj, name):
inner_func = obj.hypothesis.inner_test if hasattr(obj, "hypothesis") else obj
if iscoroutinefunction(inner_func):
anyio_auto_mode = _is_auto_mode(collector.config, "anyio_mode")
marker = collector.get_closest_marker("anyio")
own_markers = getattr(obj, "pytestmark", ())
if (
anyio_auto_mode
or marker
or any(marker.name == "anyio" for marker in own_markers)
):
pytest.mark.usefixtures("anyio_backend")(obj)
def pytest_collection_finish(session: pytest.Session) -> None:
for i, item in reversed(list(enumerate(session.items))):
if (
isinstance(item, pytest.Function)
and iscoroutinefunction(item.function)
and item.get_closest_marker("anyio") is not None
and "anyio_backend" not in item.fixturenames
):
new_items = []
try:
cs_fields = {f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(CallSpec)}
except TypeError:
cs_fields = set()
for param_index, backend in enumerate(get_available_backends()):
if "_arg2scope" in cs_fields: # pytest >= 8
callspec = CallSpec(
params={"anyio_backend": backend},
indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
_arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
_idlist=[backend],
marks=[],
)
else: # pytest 7.x
callspec = CallSpec( # type: ignore[call-arg]
funcargs={},
params={"anyio_backend": backend},
indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
idlist=[backend],
marks=[],
)
fi = item._fixtureinfo
new_names_closure = list(fi.names_closure)
if "anyio_backend" not in new_names_closure:
new_names_closure.append("anyio_backend")
new_fixtureinfo = FuncFixtureInfo(
argnames=fi.argnames,
initialnames=fi.initialnames,
names_closure=new_names_closure,
name2fixturedefs=fi.name2fixturedefs,
)
new_item = pytest.Function.from_parent(
item.parent,
name=f"{item.originalname}[{backend}]",
callspec=callspec,
callobj=item.obj,
fixtureinfo=new_fixtureinfo,
keywords=item.keywords,
originalname=item.originalname,
)
new_items.append(new_item)
session.items[i : i + 1] = new_items
@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem: Any) -> bool | None:
def run_with_hypothesis(**kwargs: Any) -> None:
with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
runner.run_test(original_func, kwargs)
backend = pyfuncitem.funcargs.get("anyio_backend")
if backend:
backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(backend)
if hasattr(pyfuncitem.obj, "hypothesis"):
# Wrap the inner test function unless it's already wrapped
original_func = pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test
if original_func.__qualname__ != run_with_hypothesis.__qualname__:
if iscoroutinefunction(original_func):
pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test = run_with_hypothesis
return None
if iscoroutinefunction(pyfuncitem.obj):
funcargs = pyfuncitem.funcargs
testargs = {arg: funcargs[arg] for arg in pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.argnames}
with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
try:
runner.run_test(pyfuncitem.obj, testargs)
except ExceptionGroup as excgrp:
for exc in iterate_exceptions(excgrp):
if isinstance(exc, (Exit, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
raise exc from excgrp
raise
return True
return None
@pytest.fixture(scope="module", params=get_available_backends())
def anyio_backend(request: Any) -> Any:
return request.param
@pytest.fixture
def anyio_backend_name(anyio_backend: Any) -> str:
if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
return anyio_backend
else:
return anyio_backend[0]
@pytest.fixture
def anyio_backend_options(anyio_backend: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
return {}
else:
return anyio_backend[1]
class FreePortFactory:
"""
Manages port generation based on specified socket kind, ensuring no duplicate
ports are generated.
This class provides functionality for generating available free ports on the
system. It is initialized with a specific socket kind and can generate ports
for given address families while avoiding reuse of previously generated ports.
Users should not instantiate this class directly, but use the
``free_tcp_port_factory`` and ``free_udp_port_factory`` fixtures instead. For simple
uses cases, ``free_tcp_port`` and ``free_udp_port`` can be used instead.
"""
def __init__(self, kind: socket.SocketKind) -> None:
self._kind = kind
self._generated = set[int]()
@property
def kind(self) -> socket.SocketKind:
"""
The type of socket connection (e.g., :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` or
:data:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`) used to bind for checking port availability
"""
return self._kind
def __call__(self, family: socket.AddressFamily | None = None) -> int:
"""
Return an unbound port for the given address family.
:param family: if omitted, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses will be tried
:return: a port number
"""
if family is not None:
families = [family]
else:
families = [socket.AF_INET]
if socket.has_ipv6:
families.append(socket.AF_INET6)
while True:
port = 0
with ExitStack() as stack:
for fam in families:
sock = stack.enter_context(socket.socket(fam, self._kind))
addr = "::1" if fam == socket.AF_INET6 else "127.0.0.1"
try:
sock.bind((addr, port))
except OSError:
break
if not port:
port = sock.getsockname()[1]
else:
if port not in self._generated:
self._generated.add(port)
return port
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def free_tcp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_STREAM)
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def free_udp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
@pytest.fixture
def free_tcp_port(free_tcp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
return free_tcp_port_factory()
@pytest.fixture
def free_udp_port(free_udp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
return free_udp_port_factory()
Whitespace-only changes.
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"BufferedByteReceiveStream",
"BufferedByteStream",
"BufferedConnectable",
)
import sys
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, SupportsIndex
from .. import ClosedResourceError, DelimiterNotFound, EndOfStream, IncompleteRead
from ..abc import (
AnyByteReceiveStream,
AnyByteStream,
AnyByteStreamConnectable,
ByteReceiveStream,
ByteStream,
ByteStreamConnectable,
)
if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
from typing import override
else:
from typing_extensions import override
@dataclass(eq=False)
class BufferedByteReceiveStream(ByteReceiveStream):
"""
Wraps any bytes-based receive stream and uses a buffer to provide sophisticated
receiving capabilities in the form of a byte stream.
"""
receive_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
_buffer: bytearray = field(init=False, default_factory=bytearray)
_closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self.receive_stream.aclose()
self._closed = True
@property
def buffer(self) -> bytes:
"""The bytes currently in the buffer."""
return bytes(self._buffer)
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return self.receive_stream.extra_attributes
def feed_data(self, data: Iterable[SupportsIndex], /) -> None:
"""
Append data directly into the buffer.
Any data in the buffer will be consumed by receive operations before receiving
anything from the wrapped stream.
:param data: the data to append to the buffer (can be bytes or anything else
that supports ``__index__()``)
"""
self._buffer.extend(data)
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
if max_bytes < 1:
raise ValueError("max_bytes must be a positive integer")
if self._closed:
raise ClosedResourceError
if self._buffer:
chunk = bytes(self._buffer[:max_bytes])
del self._buffer[:max_bytes]
return chunk
elif isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
else:
# With a bytes-oriented object stream, we need to handle any surplus bytes
# we get from the receive() call
chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
# Save the surplus bytes in the buffer
self._buffer.extend(chunk[max_bytes:])
return chunk[:max_bytes]
else:
return chunk
async def receive_exactly(self, nbytes: int) -> bytes:
"""
Read exactly the given amount of bytes from the stream.
:param nbytes: the number of bytes to read
:return: the bytes read
:raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the requested
amount of bytes could be read from the stream
"""
while True:
remaining = nbytes - len(self._buffer)
if remaining <= 0:
retval = self._buffer[:nbytes]
del self._buffer[:nbytes]
return bytes(retval)
try:
if isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive(remaining)
else:
chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
except EndOfStream as exc:
raise IncompleteRead from exc
self._buffer.extend(chunk)
async def receive_until(self, delimiter: bytes, max_bytes: int) -> bytes:
"""
Read from the stream until the delimiter is found or max_bytes have been read.
:param delimiter: the marker to look for in the stream
:param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes that will be read before raising
:exc:`~anyio.DelimiterNotFound`
:return: the bytes read (not including the delimiter)
:raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the delimiter
was found
:raises ~anyio.DelimiterNotFound: if the delimiter is not found within the
bytes read up to the maximum allowed
"""
delimiter_size = len(delimiter)
offset = 0
while True:
# Check if the delimiter can be found in the current buffer
index = self._buffer.find(delimiter, offset)
if index >= 0:
found = self._buffer[:index]
del self._buffer[: index + len(delimiter) :]
return bytes(found)
# Check if the buffer is already at or over the limit
if len(self._buffer) >= max_bytes:
raise DelimiterNotFound(max_bytes)
# Read more data into the buffer from the socket
try:
data = await self.receive_stream.receive()
except EndOfStream as exc:
raise IncompleteRead from exc
# Move the offset forward and add the new data to the buffer
offset = max(len(self._buffer) - delimiter_size + 1, 0)
self._buffer.extend(data)
class BufferedByteStream(BufferedByteReceiveStream, ByteStream):
"""
A full-duplex variant of :class:`BufferedByteReceiveStream`. All writes are passed
through to the wrapped stream as-is.
"""
def __init__(self, stream: AnyByteStream):
"""
:param stream: the stream to be wrapped
"""
super().__init__(stream)
self._stream = stream
@override
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
await self._stream.send_eof()
@override
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
await self._stream.send(item)
class BufferedConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
"""
Wraps a byte stream connectable to produce :class:`BufferedByteStream` connections.
Use this when you want the streams returned by :meth:`connect` to have the buffered
receive API (e.g. :meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` and
:meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until`).
:param connectable: the byte stream connectable to wrap
"""
def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
"""
:param connectable: the connectable to wrap
"""
self.connectable = connectable
@override
async def connect(self) -> BufferedByteStream:
stream = await self.connectable.connect()
return BufferedByteStream(stream)
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"FileReadStream",
"FileStreamAttribute",
"FileWriteStream",
)
from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
from io import SEEK_SET, UnsupportedOperation
from os import PathLike
from pathlib import Path
from typing import IO, Any
from .. import (
BrokenResourceError,
ClosedResourceError,
EndOfStream,
TypedAttributeSet,
to_thread,
typed_attribute,
)
from ..abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
class FileStreamAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
#: the open file descriptor
file: IO[bytes] = typed_attribute()
#: the path of the file on the file system, if available (file must be a real file)
path: Path = typed_attribute()
#: the file number, if available (file must be a real file or a TTY)
fileno: int = typed_attribute()
class _BaseFileStream:
def __init__(self, file: IO[bytes]):
self._file = file
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.close)
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
FileStreamAttribute.file: lambda: self._file,
}
if hasattr(self._file, "name"):
attributes[FileStreamAttribute.path] = lambda: Path(self._file.name)
try:
self._file.fileno()
except UnsupportedOperation:
pass
else:
attributes[FileStreamAttribute.fileno] = lambda: self._file.fileno()
return attributes
class FileReadStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteReceiveStream):
"""
A byte stream that reads from a file in the file system.
:param file: a file that has been opened for reading in binary mode
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
@classmethod
async def from_path(cls, path: str | PathLike[str]) -> FileReadStream:
"""
Create a file read stream by opening the given file.
:param path: path of the file to read from
"""
file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, "rb")
return cls(file)
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
if max_bytes < 1:
raise ValueError("max_bytes must be a positive integer")
try:
data = await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.read, max_bytes)
except ValueError:
raise ClosedResourceError from None
except OSError as exc:
raise BrokenResourceError from exc
if data:
return data
else:
raise EndOfStream
async def seek(self, position: int, whence: int = SEEK_SET) -> int:
"""
Seek the file to the given position.
.. seealso:: :meth:`io.IOBase.seek`
.. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
:param position: position to seek the file to
:param whence: controls how ``position`` is interpreted
:return: the new absolute position
:raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
"""
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.seek, position, whence)
async def tell(self) -> int:
"""
Return the current stream position.
.. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
:return: the current absolute position
:raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
"""
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.tell)
class FileWriteStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteSendStream):
"""
A byte stream that writes to a file in the file system.
:param file: a file that has been opened for writing in binary mode
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
@classmethod
async def from_path(
cls, path: str | PathLike[str], append: bool = False
) -> FileWriteStream:
"""
Create a file write stream by opening the given file for writing.
:param path: path of the file to write to
:param append: if ``True``, open the file for appending; if ``False``, any
existing file at the given path will be truncated
"""
mode = "ab" if append else "wb"
file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, mode)
return cls(file)
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
try:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.write, item)
except ValueError:
raise ClosedResourceError from None
except OSError as exc:
raise BrokenResourceError from exc
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"MemoryObjectReceiveStream",
"MemoryObjectSendStream",
"MemoryObjectStreamStatistics",
)
import warnings
from collections import OrderedDict, deque
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar
from .._core._exceptions import (
BrokenResourceError,
ClosedResourceError,
EndOfStream,
WouldBlock,
)
from .._core._synchronization import Event
from .._core._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
from ..abc import ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream
from ..lowlevel import checkpoint
T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
class MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(NamedTuple):
current_buffer_used: int #: number of items stored in the buffer
#: maximum number of items that can be stored on this stream (or :data:`math.inf`)
max_buffer_size: float
open_send_streams: int #: number of unclosed clones of the send stream
open_receive_streams: int #: number of unclosed clones of the receive stream
#: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectSendStream.send`
tasks_waiting_send: int
#: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectReceiveStream.receive`
tasks_waiting_receive: int
@dataclass(eq=False)
class _MemoryObjectItemReceiver(Generic[T_Item]):
task_info: TaskInfo = field(init=False, default_factory=get_current_task)
item: T_Item = field(init=False)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
# When item is not defined, we get following error with default __repr__:
# AttributeError: 'MemoryObjectItemReceiver' object has no attribute 'item'
item = getattr(self, "item", None)
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(task_info={self.task_info}, item={item!r})"
@dataclass(eq=False)
class _MemoryObjectStreamState(Generic[T_Item]):
max_buffer_size: float = field()
buffer: deque[T_Item] = field(init=False, default_factory=deque)
open_send_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
open_receive_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
waiting_receivers: OrderedDict[Event, _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_Item]] = field(
init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
)
waiting_senders: OrderedDict[Event, T_Item] = field(
init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
)
def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
return MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(
len(self.buffer),
self.max_buffer_size,
self.open_send_channels,
self.open_receive_channels,
len(self.waiting_senders),
len(self.waiting_receivers),
)
@dataclass(eq=False)
class MemoryObjectReceiveStream(ObjectReceiveStream[T_co], Generic[T_co]):
_state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_co]
_closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
def __post_init__(self) -> None:
self._state.open_receive_channels += 1
def receive_nowait(self) -> T_co:
"""
Receive the next item if it can be done without waiting.
:return: the received item
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
:raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if the buffer is empty and this stream has been
closed from the sending end
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no items in the buffer and no tasks
waiting to send
"""
if self._closed:
raise ClosedResourceError
if self._state.waiting_senders:
# Get the item from the next sender
send_event, item = self._state.waiting_senders.popitem(last=False)
self._state.buffer.append(item)
send_event.set()
if self._state.buffer:
return self._state.buffer.popleft()
elif not self._state.open_send_channels:
raise EndOfStream
raise WouldBlock
async def receive(self) -> T_co:
await checkpoint()
try:
return self.receive_nowait()
except WouldBlock:
# Add ourselves in the queue
receive_event = Event()
receiver = _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_co]()
self._state.waiting_receivers[receive_event] = receiver
try:
await receive_event.wait()
finally:
self._state.waiting_receivers.pop(receive_event, None)
try:
return receiver.item
except AttributeError:
raise EndOfStream from None
def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
"""
Create a clone of this receive stream.
Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
the receiving end of the memory stream be considered closed by the sending ends.
:return: the cloned stream
"""
if self._closed:
raise ClosedResourceError
return MemoryObjectReceiveStream(_state=self._state)
def close(self) -> None:
"""
Close the stream.
This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
"""
if not self._closed:
self._closed = True
self._state.open_receive_channels -= 1
if self._state.open_receive_channels == 0:
send_events = list(self._state.waiting_senders.keys())
for event in send_events:
event.set()
async def aclose(self) -> None:
self.close()
def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
return self._state.statistics()
def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.close()
def __del__(self) -> None:
if not self._closed:
warnings.warn(
f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
ResourceWarning,
stacklevel=1,
source=self,
)
@dataclass(eq=False)
class MemoryObjectSendStream(ObjectSendStream[T_contra], Generic[T_contra]):
_state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_contra]
_closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
def __post_init__(self) -> None:
self._state.open_send_channels += 1
def send_nowait(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
"""
Send an item immediately if it can be done without waiting.
:param item: the item to send
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
:raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
receiving end
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the buffer is full and there are no tasks waiting
to receive
"""
if self._closed:
raise ClosedResourceError
if not self._state.open_receive_channels:
raise BrokenResourceError
while self._state.waiting_receivers:
receive_event, receiver = self._state.waiting_receivers.popitem(last=False)
if not receiver.task_info.has_pending_cancellation():
receiver.item = item
receive_event.set()
return
if len(self._state.buffer) < self._state.max_buffer_size:
self._state.buffer.append(item)
else:
raise WouldBlock
async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
"""
Send an item to the stream.
If the buffer is full, this method blocks until there is again room in the
buffer or the item can be sent directly to a receiver.
:param item: the item to send
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
:raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
receiving end
"""
await checkpoint()
try:
self.send_nowait(item)
except WouldBlock:
# Wait until there's someone on the receiving end
send_event = Event()
self._state.waiting_senders[send_event] = item
try:
await send_event.wait()
except BaseException:
self._state.waiting_senders.pop(send_event, None)
raise
if send_event in self._state.waiting_senders:
del self._state.waiting_senders[send_event]
raise BrokenResourceError from None
def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
"""
Create a clone of this send stream.
Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
the sending end of the memory stream be considered closed by the receiving ends.
:return: the cloned stream
"""
if self._closed:
raise ClosedResourceError
return MemoryObjectSendStream(_state=self._state)
def close(self) -> None:
"""
Close the stream.
This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
"""
if not self._closed:
self._closed = True
self._state.open_send_channels -= 1
if self._state.open_send_channels == 0:
receive_events = list(self._state.waiting_receivers.keys())
self._state.waiting_receivers.clear()
for event in receive_events:
event.set()
async def aclose(self) -> None:
self.close()
def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
return self._state.statistics()
def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.close()
def __del__(self) -> None:
if not self._closed:
warnings.warn(
f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
ResourceWarning,
stacklevel=1,
source=self,
)
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"MultiListener",
"StapledByteStream",
"StapledObjectStream",
)
from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
from ..abc import (
ByteReceiveStream,
ByteSendStream,
ByteStream,
Listener,
ObjectReceiveStream,
ObjectSendStream,
ObjectStream,
TaskGroup,
)
T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
T_Stream = TypeVar("T_Stream")
@dataclass(eq=False)
class StapledByteStream(ByteStream):
"""
Combines two byte streams into a single, bidirectional byte stream.
Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
providing the values in case of a conflict.
:param ByteSendStream send_stream: the sending byte stream
:param ByteReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving byte stream
"""
send_stream: ByteSendStream
receive_stream: ByteReceiveStream
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
if max_bytes < 1:
raise ValueError("max_bytes must be a positive integer")
return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
await self.send_stream.send(item)
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
await self.send_stream.aclose()
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self.send_stream.aclose()
await self.receive_stream.aclose()
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return {
**self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
**self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
}
@dataclass(eq=False)
class StapledObjectStream(ObjectStream[T_Item], Generic[T_Item]):
"""
Combines two object streams into a single, bidirectional object stream.
Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
providing the values in case of a conflict.
:param ObjectSendStream send_stream: the sending object stream
:param ObjectReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving object stream
"""
send_stream: ObjectSendStream[T_Item]
receive_stream: ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]
async def receive(self) -> T_Item:
return await self.receive_stream.receive()
async def send(self, item: T_Item) -> None:
await self.send_stream.send(item)
def send_nowait(self, item: T_Item) -> None:
try:
send_nowait = self.send_stream.send_nowait # type: ignore[attr-defined]
except AttributeError as exc:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"'send_nowait' method not implemented in {type(self.send_stream)}"
) from exc
send_nowait(item)
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
await self.send_stream.aclose()
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self.send_stream.aclose()
await self.receive_stream.aclose()
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return {
**self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
**self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
}
@dataclass(eq=False)
class MultiListener(Listener[T_Stream], Generic[T_Stream]):
"""
Combines multiple listeners into one, serving connections from all of them at once.
Any MultiListeners in the given collection of listeners will have their listeners
moved into this one.
Extra attributes are provided from each listener, with each successive listener
overriding any conflicting attributes from the previous one.
:param listeners: listeners to serve
:type listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
"""
listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
def __post_init__(self) -> None:
listeners: list[Listener[T_Stream]] = []
for listener in self.listeners:
if isinstance(listener, MultiListener):
listeners.extend(listener.listeners)
del listener.listeners[:] # type: ignore[attr-defined]
else:
listeners.append(listener)
self.listeners = listeners
async def serve(
self, handler: Callable[[T_Stream], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
) -> None:
from .. import create_task_group
async with create_task_group() as tg:
for listener in self.listeners:
tg.start_soon(listener.serve, handler, task_group)
async def aclose(self) -> None:
for listener in self.listeners:
await listener.aclose()
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
attributes: dict = {}
for listener in self.listeners:
attributes.update(listener.extra_attributes)
return attributes
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"TextConnectable",
"TextReceiveStream",
"TextSendStream",
"TextStream",
)
import codecs
import sys
from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
from typing import Any
from ..abc import (
AnyByteReceiveStream,
AnyByteSendStream,
AnyByteStream,
AnyByteStreamConnectable,
ObjectReceiveStream,
ObjectSendStream,
ObjectStream,
ObjectStreamConnectable,
)
if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
from typing import override
else:
from typing_extensions import override
@dataclass(eq=False)
class TextReceiveStream(ObjectReceiveStream[str]):
"""
Stream wrapper that decodes bytes to strings using the given encoding.
Decoding is done using :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` which returns any
completely received unicode characters as soon as they come in.
:param transport_stream: any bytes-based receive stream
:param encoding: character encoding to use for decoding bytes to strings (defaults
to ``utf-8``)
:param errors: handling scheme for decoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see the
`codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
.. _codecs module documentation:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
"""
transport_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
_decoder: codecs.IncrementalDecoder = field(init=False)
def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
decoder_class = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)
self._decoder = decoder_class(errors=errors)
async def receive(self) -> str:
while True:
chunk = await self.transport_stream.receive()
decoded = self._decoder.decode(chunk)
if decoded:
return decoded
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self.transport_stream.aclose()
self._decoder.reset()
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
@dataclass(eq=False)
class TextSendStream(ObjectSendStream[str]):
"""
Sends strings to the wrapped stream as bytes using the given encoding.
:param AnyByteSendStream transport_stream: any bytes-based send stream
:param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding strings to bytes
(defaults to ``utf-8``)
:param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
.. _codecs module documentation:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
"""
transport_stream: AnyByteSendStream
encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
errors: str = "strict"
_encoder: Callable[..., tuple[bytes, int]] = field(init=False)
def __post_init__(self, encoding: str) -> None:
self._encoder = codecs.getencoder(encoding)
async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
encoded = self._encoder(item, self.errors)[0]
await self.transport_stream.send(encoded)
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self.transport_stream.aclose()
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
@dataclass(eq=False)
class TextStream(ObjectStream[str]):
"""
A bidirectional stream that decodes bytes to strings on receive and encodes strings
to bytes on send.
Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
providing the values in case of a conflict.
:param AnyByteStream transport_stream: any bytes-based stream
:param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding/decoding strings to/from
bytes (defaults to ``utf-8``)
:param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
.. _codecs module documentation:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
"""
transport_stream: AnyByteStream
encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
_receive_stream: TextReceiveStream = field(init=False)
_send_stream: TextSendStream = field(init=False)
def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
self._receive_stream = TextReceiveStream(
self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
)
self._send_stream = TextSendStream(
self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
)
async def receive(self) -> str:
return await self._receive_stream.receive()
async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
await self._send_stream.send(item)
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
await self.transport_stream.send_eof()
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self._send_stream.aclose()
await self._receive_stream.aclose()
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return {
**self._send_stream.extra_attributes,
**self._receive_stream.extra_attributes,
}
class TextConnectable(ObjectStreamConnectable[str]):
def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
"""
:param connectable: the bytestream endpoint to wrap
"""
self.connectable = connectable
@override
async def connect(self) -> TextStream:
stream = await self.connectable.connect()
return TextStream(stream)
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"TLSAttribute",
"TLSConnectable",
"TLSListener",
"TLSStream",
)
import logging
import re
import ssl
import sys
from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
from dataclasses import dataclass
from functools import wraps
from ssl import SSLContext
from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
from .. import (
BrokenResourceError,
EndOfStream,
aclose_forcefully,
get_cancelled_exc_class,
to_thread,
)
from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet, typed_attribute
from ..abc import (
AnyByteStream,
AnyByteStreamConnectable,
ByteStream,
ByteStreamConnectable,
Listener,
TaskGroup,
)
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
from typing import override
else:
from typing_extensions import override
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
_PCTRTT: TypeAlias = tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]
_PCTRTTT: TypeAlias = tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
class TLSAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
"""Contains Transport Layer Security related attributes."""
#: the selected ALPN protocol
alpn_protocol: str | None = typed_attribute()
#: the channel binding for type ``tls-unique``
channel_binding_tls_unique: bytes = typed_attribute()
#: the selected cipher
cipher: tuple[str, str, int] = typed_attribute()
#: the peer certificate in dictionary form (see :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert`
# for more information)
peer_certificate: None | (dict[str, str | _PCTRTTT | _PCTRTT]) = typed_attribute()
#: the peer certificate in binary form
peer_certificate_binary: bytes | None = typed_attribute()
#: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection
server_side: bool = typed_attribute()
#: ciphers shared by the client during the TLS handshake (``None`` if this is the
#: client side)
shared_ciphers: list[tuple[str, str, int]] | None = typed_attribute()
#: the :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` used for encryption
ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject = typed_attribute()
#: ``True`` if this stream does (and expects) a closing TLS handshake when the
#: stream is being closed
standard_compatible: bool = typed_attribute()
#: the TLS protocol version (e.g. ``TLSv1.2``)
tls_version: str = typed_attribute()
@dataclass(eq=False)
class TLSStream(ByteStream):
"""
A stream wrapper that encrypts all sent data and decrypts received data.
This class has no public initializer; use :meth:`wrap` instead.
All extra attributes from :class:`~TLSAttribute` are supported.
:var AnyByteStream transport_stream: the wrapped stream
"""
transport_stream: AnyByteStream
standard_compatible: bool
_ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject
_read_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
_write_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
@classmethod
async def wrap(
cls,
transport_stream: AnyByteStream,
*,
server_side: bool | None = None,
hostname: str | None = None,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
standard_compatible: bool = True,
) -> TLSStream:
"""
Wrap an existing stream with Transport Layer Security.
This performs a TLS handshake with the peer.
:param transport_stream: a bytes-transporting stream to wrap
:param server_side: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection,
``False`` if this is the client side (if omitted, will be set to ``False``
if ``hostname`` has been provided, ``False`` otherwise). Used only to create
a default context when an explicit context has not been provided.
:param hostname: host name of the peer (if host name checking is desired)
:param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure
default will be created)
:param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when
closing the connection, and don't raise an exception if the peer does the
same
:raises ~ssl.SSLError: if the TLS handshake fails
"""
if server_side is None:
server_side = not hostname
if not ssl_context:
purpose = (
ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH if server_side else ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
)
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose)
# Re-enable detection of unexpected EOFs if it was disabled by Python
if hasattr(ssl, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF"):
ssl_context.options &= ~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF
bio_in = ssl.MemoryBIO()
bio_out = ssl.MemoryBIO()
# Resolve international host names using IDNA 2008.
# Otherwise wrap_bio() would resolve them with IDNA 2003.
if hostname is not None:
from .._core._sockets import idna2008_resolve
server_hostname: bytes | None = idna2008_resolve(hostname)
else:
server_hostname = None
# External SSLContext implementations may do blocking I/O in wrap_bio(),
# but the standard library implementation won't
if type(ssl_context) is ssl.SSLContext:
ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
bio_in,
bio_out,
server_side=server_side,
server_hostname=server_hostname,
)
else:
ssl_object = await to_thread.run_sync(
ssl_context.wrap_bio,
bio_in,
bio_out,
server_side,
server_hostname,
None,
)
wrapper = cls(
transport_stream=transport_stream,
standard_compatible=standard_compatible,
_ssl_object=ssl_object,
_read_bio=bio_in,
_write_bio=bio_out,
)
await wrapper._call_sslobject_method(ssl_object.do_handshake)
return wrapper
async def _call_sslobject_method(
self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
) -> T_Retval:
while True:
try:
result = func(*args)
except ssl.SSLWantReadError:
try:
# Flush any pending writes first
if self._write_bio.pending:
await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
data = await self.transport_stream.receive()
except EndOfStream:
self._read_bio.write_eof()
except OSError as exc:
self._read_bio.write_eof()
self._write_bio.write_eof()
raise BrokenResourceError from exc
else:
self._read_bio.write(data)
except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:
await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
except ssl.SSLSyscallError as exc:
self._read_bio.write_eof()
self._write_bio.write_eof()
raise BrokenResourceError from exc
except ssl.SSLError as exc:
self._read_bio.write_eof()
self._write_bio.write_eof()
if isinstance(exc, ssl.SSLEOFError) or (
exc.strerror and "UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING" in exc.strerror
):
if self.standard_compatible:
raise BrokenResourceError from exc
else:
raise EndOfStream from None
raise
else:
# Flush any pending writes first
if self._write_bio.pending:
await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
return result
async def unwrap(self) -> tuple[AnyByteStream, bytes]:
"""
Does the TLS closing handshake.
:return: a tuple of (wrapped byte stream, bytes left in the read buffer)
"""
await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.unwrap)
self._read_bio.write_eof()
self._write_bio.write_eof()
return self.transport_stream, self._read_bio.read()
async def aclose(self) -> None:
if self.standard_compatible:
try:
await self.unwrap()
except BaseException:
await aclose_forcefully(self.transport_stream)
raise
await self.transport_stream.aclose()
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
if max_bytes < 1:
raise ValueError("max_bytes must be a positive integer")
data = await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.read, max_bytes)
if not data:
raise EndOfStream
return data
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.write, item)
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
tls_version = self.extra(TLSAttribute.tls_version)
match = re.match(r"TLSv(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", tls_version)
if match:
major, minor = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2) or 0)
if (major, minor) < (1, 3):
raise NotImplementedError(
f"send_eof() requires at least TLSv1.3; current "
f"session uses {tls_version}"
)
raise NotImplementedError(
"send_eof() has not yet been implemented for TLS streams"
)
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return {
**self.transport_stream.extra_attributes,
TLSAttribute.alpn_protocol: self._ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol,
TLSAttribute.channel_binding_tls_unique: (
self._ssl_object.get_channel_binding
),
TLSAttribute.cipher: self._ssl_object.cipher,
TLSAttribute.peer_certificate: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(False),
TLSAttribute.peer_certificate_binary: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(
True
),
TLSAttribute.server_side: lambda: self._ssl_object.server_side,
TLSAttribute.shared_ciphers: lambda: (
self._ssl_object.shared_ciphers()
if self._ssl_object.server_side
else None
),
TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
TLSAttribute.ssl_object: lambda: self._ssl_object,
TLSAttribute.tls_version: self._ssl_object.version,
}
@dataclass(eq=False)
class TLSListener(Listener[TLSStream]):
"""
A convenience listener that wraps another listener and auto-negotiates a TLS session
on every accepted connection.
If the TLS handshake times out or raises an exception,
:meth:`handle_handshake_error` is called to do whatever post-mortem processing is
deemed necessary.
Supports only the :attr:`~TLSAttribute.standard_compatible` extra attribute.
:param Listener listener: the listener to wrap
:param ssl_context: the SSL context object
:param standard_compatible: a flag passed through to :meth:`TLSStream.wrap`
:param handshake_timeout: time limit for the TLS handshake
(passed to :func:`~anyio.fail_after`)
"""
listener: Listener[Any]
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext
standard_compatible: bool = True
handshake_timeout: float = 30
@staticmethod
async def handle_handshake_error(exc: BaseException, stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
"""
Handle an exception raised during the TLS handshake.
This method does 3 things:
#. Forcefully closes the original stream
#. Logs the exception (unless it was a cancellation exception) using the
``anyio.streams.tls`` logger
#. Reraises the exception if it was a base exception or a cancellation exception
:param exc: the exception
:param stream: the original stream
"""
await aclose_forcefully(stream)
# Log all except cancellation exceptions
if not isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
# CPython (as of 3.11.5) returns incorrect `sys.exc_info()` here when using
# any asyncio implementation, so we explicitly pass the exception to log
# (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/108668). Trio does not have this
# issue because it works around the CPython bug.
logging.getLogger(__name__).exception(
"Error during TLS handshake", exc_info=exc
)
# Only reraise base exceptions and cancellation exceptions
if not isinstance(exc, Exception) or isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
raise # noqa: PLE0704
async def serve(
self,
handler: Callable[[TLSStream], Any],
task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
) -> None:
@wraps(handler)
async def handler_wrapper(stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
from .. import fail_after
try:
with fail_after(self.handshake_timeout):
wrapped_stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
stream,
ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
)
except BaseException as exc:
await self.handle_handshake_error(exc, stream)
else:
await handler(wrapped_stream)
await self.listener.serve(handler_wrapper, task_group)
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self.listener.aclose()
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
return {
TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
}
class TLSConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
"""
Wraps another connectable and does TLS negotiation after a successful connection.
:param connectable: the connectable to wrap
:param hostname: host name of the server (if host name checking is desired)
:param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure default
will be created)
:param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when closing
the connection, and don't raise an exception if the server does the same
"""
def __init__(
self,
connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable,
*,
hostname: str | None = None,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
standard_compatible: bool = True,
) -> None:
self.connectable = connectable
self.ssl_context: SSLContext = ssl_context or ssl.create_default_context(
ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
)
if not isinstance(self.ssl_context, ssl.SSLContext):
raise TypeError(
"ssl_context must be an instance of ssl.SSLContext, not "
f"{type(self.ssl_context).__name__}"
)
self.hostname = hostname
self.standard_compatible = standard_compatible
@override
async def connect(self) -> TLSStream:
stream = await self.connectable.connect()
try:
return await TLSStream.wrap(
stream,
hostname=self.hostname,
ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
)
except BaseException:
await aclose_forcefully(stream)
raise
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"current_default_interpreter_limiter",
"run_sync",
)
import atexit
import os
import sys
from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import Any, Final, TypeVar
from . import current_time, to_thread
from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter
from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
from .lowlevel import RunVar
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
from concurrent.interpreters import ExecutionFailed, create
def _interp_call(
func: Callable[..., Any], args: tuple[Any, ...]
) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
try:
retval = func(*args)
except BaseException as exc:
return exc, True
else:
return retval, False
class _Worker:
last_used: float = 0
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._interpreter = create()
def destroy(self) -> None:
self._interpreter.close()
def call(
self,
func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
args: tuple[Any, ...],
) -> T_Retval:
try:
res, is_exception = self._interpreter.call(_interp_call, func, args)
except ExecutionFailed as exc:
raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc.excinfo) from exc
if is_exception:
raise res
return res
elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
import _interpqueues
import _interpreters
UNBOUND: Final = 2 # I have no clue how this works, but it was used in the stdlib
FMT_UNPICKLED: Final = 0
FMT_PICKLED: Final = 1
QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_PICKLED, UNBOUND)
QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_UNPICKLED, UNBOUND)
_run_func = compile(
"""
import _interpqueues
from _interpreters import NotShareableError
from pickle import loads, dumps, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS = (1, 2)
QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS = (0, 2)
item = _interpqueues.get(queue_id)[0]
try:
func, args = loads(item)
retval = func(*args)
except BaseException as exc:
is_exception = True
retval = exc
else:
is_exception = False
try:
_interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
except NotShareableError:
retval = dumps(retval, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
_interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
""",
"<string>",
"exec",
)
class _Worker:
last_used: float = 0
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._interpreter_id = _interpreters.create()
self._queue_id = _interpqueues.create(1, *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
_interpreters.set___main___attrs(
self._interpreter_id, {"queue_id": self._queue_id}
)
def destroy(self) -> None:
_interpqueues.destroy(self._queue_id)
_interpreters.destroy(self._interpreter_id)
def call(
self,
func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
args: tuple[Any, ...],
) -> T_Retval:
import pickle
item = pickle.dumps((func, args), pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
_interpqueues.put(self._queue_id, item, *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
exc_info = _interpreters.exec(self._interpreter_id, _run_func)
if exc_info:
raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc_info)
res = _interpqueues.get(self._queue_id)
(res, is_exception), fmt = res[:2]
if fmt == FMT_PICKLED:
res = pickle.loads(res)
if is_exception:
raise res
return res
else:
class _Worker:
last_used: float = 0
def __init__(self) -> None:
raise RuntimeError("subinterpreters require at least Python 3.13")
def call(
self,
func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
args: tuple[Any, ...],
) -> T_Retval:
raise NotImplementedError
def destroy(self) -> None:
pass
DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT: Final = 8 # this is just an arbitrarily selected value
MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME = (
30 # seconds a subinterpreter can be idle before becoming eligible for pruning
)
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
_idle_workers = RunVar[deque[_Worker]]("_available_workers")
_default_interpreter_limiter = RunVar[CapacityLimiter]("_default_interpreter_limiter")
def _stop_workers(workers: deque[_Worker]) -> None:
for worker in workers:
worker.destroy()
workers.clear()
async def run_sync(
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call the given function with the given arguments in a subinterpreter.
.. warning:: On Python 3.13, the :mod:`concurrent.interpreters` module was not yet
available, so the code path for that Python version relies on an undocumented,
private API. As such, it is recommended to not rely on this function for anything
mission-critical on Python 3.13.
:param func: a callable
:param args: the positional arguments for the callable
:param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total number of subinterpreters
running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
:return: the result of the call
:raises BrokenWorkerInterpreter: if there's an internal error in a subinterpreter
"""
if limiter is None:
limiter = current_default_interpreter_limiter()
try:
idle_workers = _idle_workers.get()
except LookupError:
idle_workers = deque()
_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
atexit.register(_stop_workers, idle_workers)
async with limiter:
try:
worker = idle_workers.pop()
except IndexError:
worker = _Worker()
try:
return await to_thread.run_sync(
worker.call,
func,
args,
limiter=limiter,
)
finally:
# Prune workers that have been idle for too long
now = current_time()
while idle_workers:
if now - idle_workers[0].last_used <= MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME:
break
await to_thread.run_sync(idle_workers.popleft().destroy, limiter=limiter)
worker.last_used = current_time()
idle_workers.append(worker)
def current_default_interpreter_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
"""
Return the capacity limiter used by default to limit the number of concurrently
running subinterpreters.
Defaults to the number of CPU cores.
:return: a capacity limiter object
"""
try:
return _default_interpreter_limiter.get()
except LookupError:
limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT)
_default_interpreter_limiter.set(limiter)
return limiter
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"current_default_process_limiter",
"process_worker",
"run_sync",
)
import os
import pickle
import runpy
import subprocess
import sys
from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Callable
from types import ModuleType
from typing import TypeVar, cast
from ._core._eventloop import current_time, get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess
from ._core._subprocesses import open_process
from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, fail_after
from .abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream, Process
from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint_if_cancelled
from .streams.buffered import BufferedByteReceiveStream
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME = 300 # 5 minutes
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
_process_pool_workers: RunVar[set[Process]] = RunVar("_process_pool_workers")
_process_pool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[tuple[Process, float]]] = RunVar(
"_process_pool_idle_workers"
)
_default_process_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_process_limiter")
async def run_sync( # type: ignore[return]
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
cancellable: bool = False,
limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker process.
If the ``cancellable`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its completion is
cancelled, the worker process running it will be abruptly terminated using SIGKILL
(or ``terminateProcess()`` on Windows).
:param func: a callable
:param args: positional arguments for the callable
:param cancellable: ``True`` to allow cancellation of the operation while it's
running
:param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of processes
running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
:return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
"""
async def send_raw_command(pickled_cmd: bytes) -> object:
try:
await stdin.send(pickled_cmd)
response = await buffered.receive_until(b"\n", 50)
status, length = response.split(b" ")
if status not in (b"RETURN", b"EXCEPTION"):
raise RuntimeError(
f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {response!r}"
)
pickled_response = await buffered.receive_exactly(int(length))
except BaseException as exc:
workers.discard(process)
try:
process.kill()
with CancelScope(shield=True):
await process.aclose()
except ProcessLookupError:
pass
if isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
raise
else:
raise BrokenWorkerProcess from exc
retval = pickle.loads(pickled_response)
if status == b"EXCEPTION":
assert isinstance(retval, BaseException)
raise retval
else:
return retval
# First pickle the request before trying to reserve a worker process
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
request = pickle.dumps(("run", func, args), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
# If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary variables
try:
workers = _process_pool_workers.get()
idle_workers = _process_pool_idle_workers.get()
except LookupError:
workers = set()
idle_workers = deque()
_process_pool_workers.set(workers)
_process_pool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
get_async_backend().setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(workers)
async with limiter or current_default_process_limiter():
# Pop processes from the pool (starting from the most recently used) until we
# find one that hasn't exited yet
process: Process
while idle_workers:
process, _idle_since = idle_workers.pop()
if process.returncode is None:
stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
)
# Prune any other workers that have been idle for WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME
# seconds or longer
now = current_time()
killed_processes: list[Process] = []
while idle_workers:
if now - idle_workers[0][1] < WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME:
break
process_to_kill, _idle_since = idle_workers.popleft()
process_to_kill.kill()
workers.remove(process_to_kill)
killed_processes.append(process_to_kill)
with CancelScope(shield=True):
for killed_process in killed_processes:
await killed_process.aclose()
break
workers.remove(process)
else:
command = [sys.executable, "-u", "-m", __name__]
process = await open_process(
command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
)
try:
stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
)
with fail_after(20):
message = await buffered.receive(6)
if message != b"READY\n":
raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {message!r}"
)
main_module_path = getattr(sys.modules["__main__"], "__file__", None)
pickled = pickle.dumps(
("init", sys.path, main_module_path),
protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL,
)
await send_raw_command(pickled)
except (BrokenWorkerProcess, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
raise
except BaseException as exc:
process.kill()
raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
"Error during worker process initialization"
) from exc
workers.add(process)
with CancelScope(shield=not cancellable):
try:
return cast(T_Retval, await send_raw_command(request))
finally:
if process in workers:
idle_workers.append((process, current_time()))
def current_default_process_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
"""
Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of worker
processes.
:return: a capacity limiter object
"""
try:
return _default_process_limiter.get()
except LookupError:
limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or 2)
_default_process_limiter.set(limiter)
return limiter
def process_worker() -> None:
# Redirect standard streams to os.devnull so that user code won't interfere with the
# parent-worker communication
stdin = sys.stdin
stdout = sys.stdout
sys.stdin = open(os.devnull)
sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w")
sys.stderr = open(os.devnull, "w")
stdout.buffer.write(b"READY\n")
while True:
retval = exception = None
try:
command, *args = pickle.load(stdin.buffer)
except EOFError:
return
except BaseException as exc:
exception = exc
else:
if command == "run":
func, args = args
try:
retval = func(*args)
except BaseException as exc:
exception = exc
elif command == "init":
main_module_path: str | None
sys.path, main_module_path = args
del sys.modules["__main__"]
if main_module_path and os.path.isfile(main_module_path):
# Load the parent's main module but as __mp_main__ instead of
# __main__ (like multiprocessing does) to avoid infinite recursion
try:
main = ModuleType("__mp_main__")
main_content = runpy.run_path(
main_module_path, run_name="__mp_main__"
)
main.__dict__.update(main_content)
sys.modules["__main__"] = sys.modules["__mp_main__"] = main
except BaseException as exc:
exception = exc
try:
if exception is not None:
status = b"EXCEPTION"
pickled = pickle.dumps(exception, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
else:
status = b"RETURN"
pickled = pickle.dumps(retval, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
except BaseException as exc:
exception = exc
status = b"EXCEPTION"
pickled = pickle.dumps(exc, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
stdout.buffer.write(b"%s %d\n" % (status, len(pickled)))
stdout.buffer.write(pickled)
# Respect SIGTERM
if isinstance(exception, SystemExit):
raise exception
if __name__ == "__main__":
process_worker()
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"current_default_thread_limiter",
"run_sync",
)
import sys
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar
from warnings import warn
from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
async def run_sync(
func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
*args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
cancellable: bool | None = None,
limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker thread.
If the ``abandon_on_cancel`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its
completion is cancelled, the thread will still run its course but its
return value (or any raised exception) will be ignored.
:param func: a callable
:param args: positional arguments for the callable
:param abandon_on_cancel: ``True`` to abandon the thread (leaving it to run
unchecked on own) if the host task is cancelled, ``False`` to ignore
cancellations in the host task until the operation has completed in the worker
thread
:param cancellable: deprecated alias of ``abandon_on_cancel``; will override
``abandon_on_cancel`` if both parameters are passed
:param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of threads running
(if omitted, the default limiter is used)
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
:return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
"""
if cancellable is not None:
abandon_on_cancel = cancellable
warn(
"The `cancellable=` keyword argument to `anyio.to_thread.run_sync` is "
"deprecated since AnyIO 4.1.0; use `abandon_on_cancel=` instead",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return await get_async_backend().run_sync_in_worker_thread(
func, args, abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel, limiter=limiter
)
def current_default_thread_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
"""
Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of
concurrent threads.
:return: a capacity limiter object
:raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
current thread
"""
return get_async_backend().current_default_thread_limiter()
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Classes Without Boilerplate
"""
from functools import partial
from typing import Callable, Literal, Protocol
from . import converters, exceptions, filters, setters, validators
from ._cmp import cmp_using
from ._config import get_run_validators, set_run_validators
from ._funcs import asdict, assoc, astuple, has, resolve_types
from ._make import (
NOTHING,
Attribute,
Converter,
Factory,
_Nothing,
attrib,
attrs,
evolve,
fields,
fields_dict,
make_class,
validate,
)
from ._next_gen import define, field, frozen, mutable
from ._version_info import VersionInfo
s = attributes = attrs
ib = attr = attrib
dataclass = partial(attrs, auto_attribs=True) # happy Easter ;)
class AttrsInstance(Protocol):
pass
NothingType = Literal[_Nothing.NOTHING]
__all__ = [
"NOTHING",
"Attribute",
"AttrsInstance",
"Converter",
"Factory",
"NothingType",
"asdict",
"assoc",
"astuple",
"attr",
"attrib",
"attributes",
"attrs",
"cmp_using",
"converters",
"define",
"evolve",
"exceptions",
"field",
"fields",
"fields_dict",
"filters",
"frozen",
"get_run_validators",
"has",
"ib",
"make_class",
"mutable",
"resolve_types",
"s",
"set_run_validators",
"setters",
"validate",
"validators",
]
def _make_getattr(mod_name: str) -> Callable:
"""
Create a metadata proxy for packaging information that uses *mod_name* in
its warnings and errors.
"""
def __getattr__(name: str) -> str:
if name not in ("__version__", "__version_info__"):
msg = f"module {mod_name} has no attribute {name}"
raise AttributeError(msg)
from importlib.metadata import metadata
meta = metadata("attrs")
if name == "__version_info__":
return VersionInfo._from_version_string(meta["version"])
return meta["version"]
return __getattr__
__getattr__ = _make_getattr(__name__)
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
import enum
import sys
from typing import (
Any,
Callable,
Generic,
Literal,
Mapping,
Protocol,
Sequence,
TypeVar,
overload,
)
# `import X as X` is required to make these public
from . import converters as converters
from . import exceptions as exceptions
from . import filters as filters
from . import setters as setters
from . import validators as validators
from ._cmp import cmp_using as cmp_using
from ._typing_compat import AttrsInstance_
from ._version_info import VersionInfo
from attrs import (
define as define,
field as field,
mutable as mutable,
frozen as frozen,
_EqOrderType,
_ValidatorType,
_ConverterType,
_ReprArgType,
_OnSetAttrType,
_OnSetAttrArgType,
_FieldTransformer,
_ValidatorArgType,
)
if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
from typing import TypeGuard, TypeAlias
else:
from typing_extensions import TypeGuard, TypeAlias
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import dataclass_transform
else:
from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
__version__: str
__version_info__: VersionInfo
__title__: str
__description__: str
__url__: str
__uri__: str
__author__: str
__email__: str
__license__: str
__copyright__: str
_T = TypeVar("_T")
_C = TypeVar("_C", bound=type)
_FilterType = Callable[["Attribute[_T]", _T], bool]
# We subclass this here to keep the protocol's qualified name clean.
class AttrsInstance(AttrsInstance_, Protocol):
pass
_A = TypeVar("_A", bound=type[AttrsInstance])
class _Nothing(enum.Enum):
NOTHING = enum.auto()
NOTHING = _Nothing.NOTHING
NothingType: TypeAlias = Literal[_Nothing.NOTHING]
# NOTE: Factory lies about its return type to make this possible:
# `x: List[int] # = Factory(list)`
# Work around mypy issue #4554 in the common case by using an overload.
@overload
def Factory(factory: Callable[[], _T]) -> _T: ...
@overload
def Factory(
factory: Callable[[Any], _T],
takes_self: Literal[True],
) -> _T: ...
@overload
def Factory(
factory: Callable[[], _T],
takes_self: Literal[False],
) -> _T: ...
In = TypeVar("In")
Out = TypeVar("Out")
class Converter(Generic[In, Out]):
@overload
def __init__(self, converter: Callable[[In], Out]) -> None: ...
@overload
def __init__(
self,
converter: Callable[[In, AttrsInstance, Attribute], Out],
*,
takes_self: Literal[True],
takes_field: Literal[True],
) -> None: ...
@overload
def __init__(
self,
converter: Callable[[In, Attribute], Out],
*,
takes_field: Literal[True],
) -> None: ...
@overload
def __init__(
self,
converter: Callable[[In, AttrsInstance], Out],
*,
takes_self: Literal[True],
) -> None: ...
class Attribute(Generic[_T]):
name: str
default: _T | None
validator: _ValidatorType[_T] | None
repr: _ReprArgType
cmp: _EqOrderType
eq: _EqOrderType
order: _EqOrderType
hash: bool | None
init: bool
converter: Converter | None
metadata: dict[Any, Any]
type: type[_T] | None
kw_only: bool
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrType
alias: str | None
def evolve(self, **changes: Any) -> "Attribute[Any]": ...
# NOTE: We had several choices for the annotation to use for type arg:
# 1) Type[_T]
# - Pros: Handles simple cases correctly
# - Cons: Might produce less informative errors in the case of conflicting
# TypeVars e.g. `attr.ib(default='bad', type=int)`
# 2) Callable[..., _T]
# - Pros: Better error messages than #1 for conflicting TypeVars
# - Cons: Terrible error messages for validator checks.
# e.g. attr.ib(type=int, validator=validate_str)
# -> error: Cannot infer function type argument
# 3) type (and do all of the work in the mypy plugin)
# - Pros: Simple here, and we could customize the plugin with our own errors.
# - Cons: Would need to write mypy plugin code to handle all the cases.
# We chose option #1.
# `attr` lies about its return type to make the following possible:
# attr() -> Any
# attr(8) -> int
# attr(validator=<some callable>) -> Whatever the callable expects.
# This makes this type of assignments possible:
# x: int = attr(8)
#
# This form catches explicit None or no default but with no other arguments
# returns Any.
@overload
def attrib(
default: None = ...,
validator: None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
cmp: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
type: None = ...,
converter: None = ...,
factory: None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
) -> Any: ...
# This form catches an explicit None or no default and infers the type from the
# other arguments.
@overload
def attrib(
default: None = ...,
validator: _ValidatorArgType[_T] | None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
cmp: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
type: type[_T] | None = ...,
converter: _ConverterType
| list[_ConverterType]
| tuple[_ConverterType]
| None = ...,
factory: Callable[[], _T] | None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
) -> _T: ...
# This form catches an explicit default argument.
@overload
def attrib(
default: _T,
validator: _ValidatorArgType[_T] | None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
cmp: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
type: type[_T] | None = ...,
converter: _ConverterType
| list[_ConverterType]
| tuple[_ConverterType]
| None = ...,
factory: Callable[[], _T] | None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
) -> _T: ...
# This form covers type=non-Type: e.g. forward references (str), Any
@overload
def attrib(
default: _T | None = ...,
validator: _ValidatorArgType[_T] | None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
cmp: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
type: object = ...,
converter: _ConverterType
| list[_ConverterType]
| tuple[_ConverterType]
| None = ...,
factory: Callable[[], _T] | None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
) -> Any: ...
@overload
@dataclass_transform(order_default=True, field_specifiers=(attrib, field))
def attrs(
maybe_cls: _C,
these: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
repr_ns: str | None = ...,
repr: bool = ...,
cmp: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
slots: bool = ...,
frozen: bool = ...,
weakref_slot: bool = ...,
str: bool = ...,
auto_attribs: bool = ...,
kw_only: bool = ...,
cache_hash: bool = ...,
auto_exc: bool = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
auto_detect: bool = ...,
collect_by_mro: bool = ...,
getstate_setstate: bool | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
field_transformer: _FieldTransformer | None = ...,
match_args: bool = ...,
unsafe_hash: bool | None = ...,
) -> _C: ...
@overload
@dataclass_transform(order_default=True, field_specifiers=(attrib, field))
def attrs(
maybe_cls: None = ...,
these: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
repr_ns: str | None = ...,
repr: bool = ...,
cmp: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
slots: bool = ...,
frozen: bool = ...,
weakref_slot: bool = ...,
str: bool = ...,
auto_attribs: bool = ...,
kw_only: bool = ...,
cache_hash: bool = ...,
auto_exc: bool = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
auto_detect: bool = ...,
collect_by_mro: bool = ...,
getstate_setstate: bool | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
field_transformer: _FieldTransformer | None = ...,
match_args: bool = ...,
unsafe_hash: bool | None = ...,
) -> Callable[[_C], _C]: ...
def fields(cls: type[AttrsInstance] | AttrsInstance) -> Any: ...
def fields_dict(cls: type[AttrsInstance]) -> dict[str, Attribute[Any]]: ...
def validate(inst: AttrsInstance) -> None: ...
def resolve_types(
cls: _A,
globalns: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
localns: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
attribs: list[Attribute[Any]] | None = ...,
include_extras: bool = ...,
) -> _A: ...
# TODO: add support for returning a proper attrs class from the mypy plugin
# we use Any instead of _CountingAttr so that e.g. `make_class('Foo',
# [attr.ib()])` is valid
def make_class(
name: str,
attrs: list[str] | tuple[str, ...] | dict[str, Any],
bases: tuple[type, ...] = ...,
class_body: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
repr_ns: str | None = ...,
repr: bool = ...,
cmp: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
slots: bool = ...,
frozen: bool = ...,
weakref_slot: bool = ...,
str: bool = ...,
auto_attribs: bool = ...,
kw_only: bool = ...,
cache_hash: bool = ...,
auto_exc: bool = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
collect_by_mro: bool = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
field_transformer: _FieldTransformer | None = ...,
) -> type: ...
# _funcs --
# TODO: add support for returning TypedDict from the mypy plugin
# FIXME: asdict/astuple do not honor their factory args. Waiting on one of
# these:
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/4236
# https://github.com/python/typing/issues/253
# XXX: remember to fix attrs.asdict/astuple too!
def asdict(
inst: AttrsInstance,
recurse: bool = ...,
filter: _FilterType[Any] | None = ...,
dict_factory: type[Mapping[Any, Any]] = ...,
retain_collection_types: bool = ...,
value_serializer: Callable[[type, Attribute[Any], Any], Any] | None = ...,
tuple_keys: bool | None = ...,
) -> dict[str, Any]: ...
# TODO: add support for returning NamedTuple from the mypy plugin
def astuple(
inst: AttrsInstance,
recurse: bool = ...,
filter: _FilterType[Any] | None = ...,
tuple_factory: type[Sequence[Any]] = ...,
retain_collection_types: bool = ...,
) -> tuple[Any, ...]: ...
def has(cls: type) -> TypeGuard[type[AttrsInstance]]: ...
def assoc(inst: _T, **changes: Any) -> _T: ...
def evolve(inst: _T, **changes: Any) -> _T: ...
# _config --
def set_run_validators(run: bool) -> None: ...
def get_run_validators() -> bool: ...
# aliases --
s = attributes = attrs
ib = attr = attrib
dataclass = attrs # Technically, partial(attrs, auto_attribs=True) ;)
+160
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
import functools
import types
from ._make import __ne__
_operation_names = {"eq": "==", "lt": "<", "le": "<=", "gt": ">", "ge": ">="}
def cmp_using(
eq=None,
lt=None,
le=None,
gt=None,
ge=None,
require_same_type=True,
class_name="Comparable",
):
"""
Create a class that can be passed into `attrs.field`'s ``eq``, ``order``,
and ``cmp`` arguments to customize field comparison.
The resulting class will have a full set of ordering methods if at least
one of ``{lt, le, gt, ge}`` and ``eq`` are provided.
Args:
eq (typing.Callable | None):
Callable used to evaluate equality of two objects.
lt (typing.Callable | None):
Callable used to evaluate whether one object is less than another
object.
le (typing.Callable | None):
Callable used to evaluate whether one object is less than or equal
to another object.
gt (typing.Callable | None):
Callable used to evaluate whether one object is greater than
another object.
ge (typing.Callable | None):
Callable used to evaluate whether one object is greater than or
equal to another object.
require_same_type (bool):
When `True`, equality and ordering methods will return
`NotImplemented` if objects are not of the same type.
class_name (str | None): Name of class. Defaults to "Comparable".
See `comparison` for more details.
.. versionadded:: 21.1.0
"""
body = {
"__slots__": ["value"],
"__init__": _make_init(),
"_requirements": [],
"_is_comparable_to": _is_comparable_to,
}
# Add operations.
num_order_functions = 0
has_eq_function = False
if eq is not None:
has_eq_function = True
body["__eq__"] = _make_operator("eq", eq)
body["__ne__"] = __ne__
if lt is not None:
num_order_functions += 1
body["__lt__"] = _make_operator("lt", lt)
if le is not None:
num_order_functions += 1
body["__le__"] = _make_operator("le", le)
if gt is not None:
num_order_functions += 1
body["__gt__"] = _make_operator("gt", gt)
if ge is not None:
num_order_functions += 1
body["__ge__"] = _make_operator("ge", ge)
type_ = types.new_class(
class_name, (object,), {}, lambda ns: ns.update(body)
)
# Add same type requirement.
if require_same_type:
type_._requirements.append(_check_same_type)
# Add total ordering if at least one operation was defined.
if 0 < num_order_functions < 4:
if not has_eq_function:
# functools.total_ordering requires __eq__ to be defined,
# so raise early error here to keep a nice stack.
msg = "eq must be define is order to complete ordering from lt, le, gt, ge."
raise ValueError(msg)
type_ = functools.total_ordering(type_)
return type_
def _make_init():
"""
Create __init__ method.
"""
def __init__(self, value):
"""
Initialize object with *value*.
"""
self.value = value
return __init__
def _make_operator(name, func):
"""
Create operator method.
"""
def method(self, other):
if not self._is_comparable_to(other):
return NotImplemented
result = func(self.value, other.value)
if result is NotImplemented:
return NotImplemented
return result
method.__name__ = f"__{name}__"
method.__doc__ = (
f"Return a {_operation_names[name]} b. Computed by attrs."
)
return method
def _is_comparable_to(self, other):
"""
Check whether `other` is comparable to `self`.
"""
return all(func(self, other) for func in self._requirements)
def _check_same_type(self, other):
"""
Return True if *self* and *other* are of the same type, False otherwise.
"""
return other.value.__class__ is self.value.__class__
+13
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
from typing import Any, Callable
_CompareWithType = Callable[[Any, Any], bool]
def cmp_using(
eq: _CompareWithType | None = ...,
lt: _CompareWithType | None = ...,
le: _CompareWithType | None = ...,
gt: _CompareWithType | None = ...,
ge: _CompareWithType | None = ...,
require_same_type: bool = ...,
class_name: str = ...,
) -> type: ...
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
import inspect
import platform
import sys
import threading
from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence # noqa: F401
from typing import _GenericAlias
PYPY = platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy"
PY_3_10_PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10)
PY_3_11_PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11)
PY_3_12_PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 12)
PY_3_13_PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 13)
PY_3_14_PLUS = sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 14)
if PY_3_14_PLUS:
import annotationlib
# We request forward-ref annotations to not break in the presence of
# forward references.
def _get_annotations(cls):
return annotationlib.get_annotations(
cls, format=annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF
)
else:
def _get_annotations(cls):
"""
Get annotations for *cls*.
"""
return cls.__dict__.get("__annotations__", {})
class _AnnotationExtractor:
"""
Extract type annotations from a callable, returning None whenever there
is none.
"""
__slots__ = ["sig"]
def __init__(self, callable):
try:
self.sig = inspect.signature(callable)
except (ValueError, TypeError): # inspect failed
self.sig = None
def get_first_param_type(self):
"""
Return the type annotation of the first argument if it's not empty.
"""
if not self.sig:
return None
params = list(self.sig.parameters.values())
if params and params[0].annotation is not inspect.Parameter.empty:
return params[0].annotation
return None
def get_return_type(self):
"""
Return the return type if it's not empty.
"""
if (
self.sig
and self.sig.return_annotation is not inspect.Signature.empty
):
return self.sig.return_annotation
return None
# Thread-local global to track attrs instances which are already being repr'd.
# This is needed because there is no other (thread-safe) way to pass info
# about the instances that are already being repr'd through the call stack
# in order to ensure we don't perform infinite recursion.
#
# For instance, if an instance contains a dict which contains that instance,
# we need to know that we're already repr'ing the outside instance from within
# the dict's repr() call.
#
# This lives here rather than in _make.py so that the functions in _make.py
# don't have a direct reference to the thread-local in their globals dict.
# If they have such a reference, it breaks cloudpickle.
repr_context = threading.local()
def get_generic_base(cl):
"""If this is a generic class (A[str]), return the generic base for it."""
if cl.__class__ is _GenericAlias:
return cl.__origin__
return None
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
__all__ = ["get_run_validators", "set_run_validators"]
_run_validators = True
def set_run_validators(run):
"""
Set whether or not validators are run. By default, they are run.
.. deprecated:: 21.3.0 It will not be removed, but it also will not be
moved to new ``attrs`` namespace. Use `attrs.validators.set_disabled()`
instead.
"""
if not isinstance(run, bool):
msg = "'run' must be bool."
raise TypeError(msg)
global _run_validators
_run_validators = run
def get_run_validators():
"""
Return whether or not validators are run.
.. deprecated:: 21.3.0 It will not be removed, but it also will not be
moved to new ``attrs`` namespace. Use `attrs.validators.get_disabled()`
instead.
"""
return _run_validators
+497
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
import copy
from ._compat import get_generic_base
from ._make import _OBJ_SETATTR, NOTHING, fields
from .exceptions import AttrsAttributeNotFoundError
_ATOMIC_TYPES = frozenset(
{
type(None),
bool,
int,
float,
str,
complex,
bytes,
type(...),
type,
range,
property,
}
)
def asdict(
inst,
recurse=True,
filter=None,
dict_factory=dict,
retain_collection_types=False,
value_serializer=None,
):
"""
Return the *attrs* attribute values of *inst* as a dict.
Optionally recurse into other *attrs*-decorated classes.
Args:
inst: Instance of an *attrs*-decorated class.
recurse (bool): Recurse into classes that are also *attrs*-decorated.
filter (~typing.Callable):
A callable whose return code determines whether an attribute or
element is included (`True`) or dropped (`False`). Is called with
the `attrs.Attribute` as the first argument and the value as the
second argument.
dict_factory (~typing.Callable):
A callable to produce dictionaries from. For example, to produce
ordered dictionaries instead of normal Python dictionaries, pass in
``collections.OrderedDict``.
retain_collection_types (bool):
Do not convert to `list` when encountering an attribute whose type
is `tuple` or `set`. Only meaningful if *recurse* is `True`.
value_serializer (typing.Callable | None):
A hook that is called for every attribute or dict key/value. It
receives the current instance, field and value and must return the
(updated) value. The hook is run *after* the optional *filter* has
been applied.
Returns:
Return type of *dict_factory*.
Raises:
attrs.exceptions.NotAnAttrsClassError:
If *cls* is not an *attrs* class.
.. versionadded:: 16.0.0 *dict_factory*
.. versionadded:: 16.1.0 *retain_collection_types*
.. versionadded:: 20.3.0 *value_serializer*
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
If a dict has a collection for a key, it is serialized as a tuple.
"""
attrs = fields(inst.__class__)
rv = dict_factory()
for a in attrs:
v = getattr(inst, a.name)
if filter is not None and not filter(a, v):
continue
if value_serializer is not None:
v = value_serializer(inst, a, v)
if recurse is True:
value_type = type(v)
if value_type in _ATOMIC_TYPES:
rv[a.name] = v
elif has(value_type):
rv[a.name] = asdict(
v,
recurse=True,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=dict_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
)
elif issubclass(value_type, (tuple, list, set, frozenset)):
cf = value_type if retain_collection_types is True else list
items = [
_asdict_anything(
i,
is_key=False,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=dict_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
)
for i in v
]
try:
rv[a.name] = cf(items)
except TypeError:
if not issubclass(cf, tuple):
raise
# Workaround for TypeError: cf.__new__() missing 1 required
# positional argument (which appears, for a namedturle)
rv[a.name] = cf(*items)
elif issubclass(value_type, dict):
df = dict_factory
rv[a.name] = df(
(
_asdict_anything(
kk,
is_key=True,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=df,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
),
_asdict_anything(
vv,
is_key=False,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=df,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
),
)
for kk, vv in v.items()
)
else:
rv[a.name] = v
else:
rv[a.name] = v
return rv
def _asdict_anything(
val,
is_key,
filter,
dict_factory,
retain_collection_types,
value_serializer,
):
"""
``asdict`` only works on attrs instances, this works on anything.
"""
val_type = type(val)
if val_type in _ATOMIC_TYPES:
rv = val
if value_serializer is not None:
rv = value_serializer(None, None, rv)
elif getattr(val_type, "__attrs_attrs__", None) is not None:
# Attrs class.
rv = asdict(
val,
recurse=True,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=dict_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
)
elif issubclass(val_type, (tuple, list, set, frozenset)):
if retain_collection_types is True:
cf = val.__class__
elif is_key:
cf = tuple
else:
cf = list
rv = cf(
[
_asdict_anything(
i,
is_key=False,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=dict_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
)
for i in val
]
)
elif issubclass(val_type, dict):
df = dict_factory
rv = df(
(
_asdict_anything(
kk,
is_key=True,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=df,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
),
_asdict_anything(
vv,
is_key=False,
filter=filter,
dict_factory=df,
retain_collection_types=retain_collection_types,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
),
)
for kk, vv in val.items()
)
else:
rv = val
if value_serializer is not None:
rv = value_serializer(None, None, rv)
return rv
def astuple(
inst,
recurse=True,
filter=None,
tuple_factory=tuple,
retain_collection_types=False,
):
"""
Return the *attrs* attribute values of *inst* as a tuple.
Optionally recurse into other *attrs*-decorated classes.
Args:
inst: Instance of an *attrs*-decorated class.
recurse (bool):
Recurse into classes that are also *attrs*-decorated.
filter (~typing.Callable):
A callable whose return code determines whether an attribute or
element is included (`True`) or dropped (`False`). Is called with
the `attrs.Attribute` as the first argument and the value as the
second argument.
tuple_factory (~typing.Callable):
A callable to produce tuples from. For example, to produce lists
instead of tuples.
retain_collection_types (bool):
Do not convert to `list` or `dict` when encountering an attribute
which type is `tuple`, `dict` or `set`. Only meaningful if
*recurse* is `True`.
Returns:
Return type of *tuple_factory*
Raises:
attrs.exceptions.NotAnAttrsClassError:
If *cls* is not an *attrs* class.
.. versionadded:: 16.2.0
"""
attrs = fields(inst.__class__)
rv = []
retain = retain_collection_types # Very long. :/
for a in attrs:
v = getattr(inst, a.name)
if filter is not None and not filter(a, v):
continue
value_type = type(v)
if recurse is True:
if value_type in _ATOMIC_TYPES:
rv.append(v)
elif has(value_type):
rv.append(
astuple(
v,
recurse=True,
filter=filter,
tuple_factory=tuple_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain,
)
)
elif issubclass(value_type, (tuple, list, set, frozenset)):
cf = v.__class__ if retain is True else list
items = [
(
astuple(
j,
recurse=True,
filter=filter,
tuple_factory=tuple_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain,
)
if has(j.__class__)
else j
)
for j in v
]
try:
rv.append(cf(items))
except TypeError:
if not issubclass(cf, tuple):
raise
# Workaround for TypeError: cf.__new__() missing 1 required
# positional argument (which appears, for a namedturle)
rv.append(cf(*items))
elif issubclass(value_type, dict):
df = value_type if retain is True else dict
rv.append(
df(
(
(
astuple(
kk,
tuple_factory=tuple_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain,
)
if has(kk.__class__)
else kk
),
(
astuple(
vv,
tuple_factory=tuple_factory,
retain_collection_types=retain,
)
if has(vv.__class__)
else vv
),
)
for kk, vv in v.items()
)
)
else:
rv.append(v)
else:
rv.append(v)
return rv if tuple_factory is list else tuple_factory(rv)
def has(cls):
"""
Check whether *cls* is a class with *attrs* attributes.
Args:
cls (type): Class to introspect.
Raises:
TypeError: If *cls* is not a class.
Returns:
bool:
"""
attrs = getattr(cls, "__attrs_attrs__", None)
if attrs is not None:
return True
# No attrs, maybe it's a specialized generic (A[str])?
generic_base = get_generic_base(cls)
if generic_base is not None:
generic_attrs = getattr(generic_base, "__attrs_attrs__", None)
if generic_attrs is not None:
# Stick it on here for speed next time.
cls.__attrs_attrs__ = generic_attrs
return generic_attrs is not None
return False
def assoc(inst, **changes):
"""
Copy *inst* and apply *changes*.
This is different from `evolve` that applies the changes to the arguments
that create the new instance.
`evolve`'s behavior is preferable, but there are `edge cases`_ where it
doesn't work. Therefore `assoc` is deprecated, but will not be removed.
.. _`edge cases`: https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/251
Args:
inst: Instance of a class with *attrs* attributes.
changes: Keyword changes in the new copy.
Returns:
A copy of inst with *changes* incorporated.
Raises:
attrs.exceptions.AttrsAttributeNotFoundError:
If *attr_name* couldn't be found on *cls*.
attrs.exceptions.NotAnAttrsClassError:
If *cls* is not an *attrs* class.
.. deprecated:: 17.1.0
Use `attrs.evolve` instead if you can. This function will not be
removed du to the slightly different approach compared to
`attrs.evolve`, though.
"""
new = copy.copy(inst)
attrs = fields(inst.__class__)
for k, v in changes.items():
a = getattr(attrs, k, NOTHING)
if a is NOTHING:
msg = f"{k} is not an attrs attribute on {new.__class__}."
raise AttrsAttributeNotFoundError(msg)
_OBJ_SETATTR(new, k, v)
return new
def resolve_types(
cls, globalns=None, localns=None, attribs=None, include_extras=True
):
"""
Resolve any strings and forward annotations in type annotations.
This is only required if you need concrete types in :class:`Attribute`'s
*type* field. In other words, you don't need to resolve your types if you
only use them for static type checking.
With no arguments, names will be looked up in the module in which the class
was created. If this is not what you want, for example, if the name only
exists inside a method, you may pass *globalns* or *localns* to specify
other dictionaries in which to look up these names. See the docs of
`typing.get_type_hints` for more details.
Args:
cls (type): Class to resolve.
globalns (dict | None): Dictionary containing global variables.
localns (dict | None): Dictionary containing local variables.
attribs (list | None):
List of attribs for the given class. This is necessary when calling
from inside a ``field_transformer`` since *cls* is not an *attrs*
class yet.
include_extras (bool):
Resolve more accurately, if possible. Pass ``include_extras`` to
``typing.get_hints``, if supported by the typing module. On
supported Python versions (3.9+), this resolves the types more
accurately.
Raises:
TypeError: If *cls* is not a class.
attrs.exceptions.NotAnAttrsClassError:
If *cls* is not an *attrs* class and you didn't pass any attribs.
NameError: If types cannot be resolved because of missing variables.
Returns:
*cls* so you can use this function also as a class decorator. Please
note that you have to apply it **after** `attrs.define`. That means the
decorator has to come in the line **before** `attrs.define`.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
.. versionadded:: 21.1.0 *attribs*
.. versionadded:: 23.1.0 *include_extras*
"""
# Since calling get_type_hints is expensive we cache whether we've
# done it already.
if getattr(cls, "__attrs_types_resolved__", None) != cls:
import typing
kwargs = {
"globalns": globalns,
"localns": localns,
"include_extras": include_extras,
}
hints = typing.get_type_hints(cls, **kwargs)
for field in fields(cls) if attribs is None else attribs:
if field.name in hints:
# Since fields have been frozen we must work around it.
_OBJ_SETATTR(field, "type", hints[field.name])
# We store the class we resolved so that subclasses know they haven't
# been resolved.
cls.__attrs_types_resolved__ = cls
# Return the class so you can use it as a decorator too.
return cls
File diff suppressed because it is too large. Load diff
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
These are keyword-only APIs that call `attr.s` and `attr.ib` with different
default values.
"""
from functools import partial
from . import setters
from ._funcs import asdict as _asdict
from ._funcs import astuple as _astuple
from ._make import (
_DEFAULT_ON_SETATTR,
NOTHING,
_frozen_setattrs,
attrib,
attrs,
)
from .exceptions import NotAnAttrsClassError, UnannotatedAttributeError
def define(
maybe_cls=None,
*,
these=None,
repr=None,
unsafe_hash=None,
hash=None,
init=None,
slots=True,
frozen=False,
weakref_slot=True,
str=False,
auto_attribs=None,
kw_only=False,
cache_hash=False,
auto_exc=True,
eq=None,
order=False,
auto_detect=True,
getstate_setstate=None,
on_setattr=None,
field_transformer=None,
match_args=True,
force_kw_only=False,
):
r"""
A class decorator that adds :term:`dunder methods` according to
:term:`fields <field>` specified using :doc:`type annotations <types>`,
`field()` calls, or the *these* argument.
Since *attrs* patches or replaces an existing class, you cannot use
`object.__init_subclass__` with *attrs* classes, because it runs too early.
As a replacement, you can define ``__attrs_init_subclass__`` on your class.
It will be called by *attrs* classes that subclass it after they're
created. See also :ref:`init-subclass`.
Args:
slots (bool):
Create a :term:`slotted class <slotted classes>` that's more
memory-efficient. Slotted classes are generally superior to the
default dict classes, but have some gotchas you should know about,
so we encourage you to read the :term:`glossary entry <slotted
classes>`.
auto_detect (bool):
Instead of setting the *init*, *repr*, *eq*, and *hash* arguments
explicitly, assume they are set to True **unless any** of the
involved methods for one of the arguments is implemented in the
*current* class (meaning, it is *not* inherited from some base
class).
So, for example by implementing ``__eq__`` on a class yourself,
*attrs* will deduce ``eq=False`` and will create *neither*
``__eq__`` *nor* ``__ne__`` (but Python classes come with a
sensible ``__ne__`` by default, so it *should* be enough to only
implement ``__eq__`` in most cases).
Passing :data:`True` or :data:`False` to *init*, *repr*, *eq*, or *hash*
overrides whatever *auto_detect* would determine.
auto_exc (bool):
If the class subclasses `BaseException` (which implicitly includes
any subclass of any exception), the following happens to behave
like a well-behaved Python exception class:
- the values for *eq*, *order*, and *hash* are ignored and the
instances compare and hash by the instance's ids [#]_ ,
- all attributes that are either passed into ``__init__`` or have a
default value are additionally available as a tuple in the
``args`` attribute,
- the value of *str* is ignored leaving ``__str__`` to base
classes.
.. [#]
Note that *attrs* will *not* remove existing implementations of
``__hash__`` or the equality methods. It just won't add own
ones.
on_setattr (~typing.Callable | list[~typing.Callable] | None | ~typing.Literal[attrs.setters.NO_OP]):
A callable that is run whenever the user attempts to set an
attribute (either by assignment like ``i.x = 42`` or by using
`setattr` like ``setattr(i, "x", 42)``). It receives the same
arguments as validators: the instance, the attribute that is being
modified, and the new value.
If no exception is raised, the attribute is set to the return value
of the callable.
If a list of callables is passed, they're automatically wrapped in
an `attrs.setters.pipe`.
If left None, the default behavior is to run converters and
validators whenever an attribute is set.
init (bool):
Create a ``__init__`` method that initializes the *attrs*
attributes. Leading underscores are stripped for the argument name,
unless an alias is set on the attribute.
.. seealso::
`init` shows advanced ways to customize the generated
``__init__`` method, including executing code before and after.
repr(bool):
Create a ``__repr__`` method with a human readable representation
of *attrs* attributes.
str (bool):
Create a ``__str__`` method that is identical to ``__repr__``. This
is usually not necessary except for `Exception`\ s.
eq (bool | None):
If True or None (default), add ``__eq__`` and ``__ne__`` methods
that check two instances for equality.
.. seealso::
`comparison` describes how to customize the comparison behavior
going as far comparing NumPy arrays.
order (bool | None):
If True, add ``__lt__``, ``__le__``, ``__gt__``, and ``__ge__``
methods that behave like *eq* above and allow instances to be
ordered.
They compare the instances as if they were tuples of their *attrs*
attributes if and only if the types of both classes are
*identical*.
If `None` mirror value of *eq*.
.. seealso:: `comparison`
unsafe_hash (bool | None):
If None (default), the ``__hash__`` method is generated according
how *eq* and *frozen* are set.
1. If *both* are True, *attrs* will generate a ``__hash__`` for
you.
2. If *eq* is True and *frozen* is False, ``__hash__`` will be set
to None, marking it unhashable (which it is).
3. If *eq* is False, ``__hash__`` will be left untouched meaning
the ``__hash__`` method of the base class will be used. If the
base class is `object`, this means it will fall back to id-based
hashing.
Although not recommended, you can decide for yourself and force
*attrs* to create one (for example, if the class is immutable even
though you didn't freeze it programmatically) by passing True or
not. Both of these cases are rather special and should be used
carefully.
.. seealso::
- Our documentation on `hashing`,
- Python's documentation on `object.__hash__`,
- and the `GitHub issue that led to the default \ behavior
<https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/136>`_ for more
details.
hash (bool | None):
Deprecated alias for *unsafe_hash*. *unsafe_hash* takes precedence.
cache_hash (bool):
Ensure that the object's hash code is computed only once and stored
on the object. If this is set to True, hashing must be either
explicitly or implicitly enabled for this class. If the hash code
is cached, avoid any reassignments of fields involved in hash code
computation or mutations of the objects those fields point to after
object creation. If such changes occur, the behavior of the
object's hash code is undefined.
frozen (bool):
Make instances immutable after initialization. If someone attempts
to modify a frozen instance, `attrs.exceptions.FrozenInstanceError`
is raised.
.. note::
1. This is achieved by installing a custom ``__setattr__``
method on your class, so you can't implement your own.
2. True immutability is impossible in Python.
3. This *does* have a minor a runtime performance `impact
<how-frozen>` when initializing new instances. In other
words: ``__init__`` is slightly slower with ``frozen=True``.
4. If a class is frozen, you cannot modify ``self`` in
``__attrs_post_init__`` or a self-written ``__init__``. You
can circumvent that limitation by using
``object.__setattr__(self, "attribute_name", value)``.
5. Subclasses of a frozen class are frozen too.
kw_only (bool):
Make attributes keyword-only in the generated ``__init__`` (if
*init* is False, this parameter is ignored). Attributes that
explicitly set ``kw_only=False`` are not affected; base class
attributes are also not affected.
Also see *force_kw_only*.
weakref_slot (bool):
Make instances weak-referenceable. This has no effect unless
*slots* is True.
field_transformer (~typing.Callable | None):
A function that is called with the original class object and all
fields right before *attrs* finalizes the class. You can use this,
for example, to automatically add converters or validators to
fields based on their types.
.. seealso:: `transform-fields`
match_args (bool):
If True (default), set ``__match_args__`` on the class to support
:pep:`634` (*Structural Pattern Matching*). It is a tuple of all
non-keyword-only ``__init__`` parameter names on Python 3.10 and
later. Ignored on older Python versions.
collect_by_mro (bool):
If True, *attrs* collects attributes from base classes correctly
according to the `method resolution order
<https://docs.python.org/3/howto/mro.html>`_. If False, *attrs*
will mimic the (wrong) behavior of `dataclasses` and :pep:`681`.
See also `issue #428
<https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/428>`_.
force_kw_only (bool):
A back-compat flag for restoring pre-25.4.0 behavior. If True and
``kw_only=True``, all attributes are made keyword-only, including
base class attributes, and those set to ``kw_only=False`` at the
attribute level. Defaults to False.
See also `issue #980
<https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/980>`_.
getstate_setstate (bool | None):
.. note::
This is usually only interesting for slotted classes and you
should probably just set *auto_detect* to True.
If True, ``__getstate__`` and ``__setstate__`` are generated and
attached to the class. This is necessary for slotted classes to be
pickleable. If left None, it's True by default for slotted classes
and False for dict classes.
If *auto_detect* is True, and *getstate_setstate* is left None, and
**either** ``__getstate__`` or ``__setstate__`` is detected
directly on the class (meaning: not inherited), it is set to False
(this is usually what you want).
auto_attribs (bool | None):
If True, look at type annotations to determine which attributes to
use, like `dataclasses`. If False, it will only look for explicit
:func:`field` class attributes, like classic *attrs*.
If left None, it will guess:
1. If any attributes are annotated and no unannotated
`attrs.field`\ s are found, it assumes *auto_attribs=True*.
2. Otherwise it assumes *auto_attribs=False* and tries to collect
`attrs.field`\ s.
If *attrs* decides to look at type annotations, **all** fields
**must** be annotated. If *attrs* encounters a field that is set to
a :func:`field` / `attr.ib` but lacks a type annotation, an
`attrs.exceptions.UnannotatedAttributeError` is raised. Use
``field_name: typing.Any = field(...)`` if you don't want to set a
type.
.. warning::
For features that use the attribute name to create decorators
(for example, :ref:`validators <validators>`), you still *must*
assign :func:`field` / `attr.ib` to them. Otherwise Python will
either not find the name or try to use the default value to
call, for example, ``validator`` on it.
Attributes annotated as `typing.ClassVar`, and attributes that are
neither annotated nor set to an `field()` are **ignored**.
these (dict[str, object]):
A dictionary of name to the (private) return value of `field()`
mappings. This is useful to avoid the definition of your attributes
within the class body because you can't (for example, if you want
to add ``__repr__`` methods to Django models) or don't want to.
If *these* is not `None`, *attrs* will *not* search the class body
for attributes and will *not* remove any attributes from it.
The order is deduced from the order of the attributes inside
*these*.
Arguably, this is a rather obscure feature.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 21.3.0 Converters are also run ``on_setattr``.
.. versionadded:: 22.2.0
*unsafe_hash* as an alias for *hash* (for :pep:`681` compliance).
.. versionchanged:: 24.1.0
Instances are not compared as tuples of attributes anymore, but using a
big ``and`` condition. This is faster and has more correct behavior for
uncomparable values like `math.nan`.
.. versionadded:: 24.1.0
If a class has an *inherited* classmethod called
``__attrs_init_subclass__``, it is executed after the class is created.
.. deprecated:: 24.1.0 *hash* is deprecated in favor of *unsafe_hash*.
.. versionadded:: 24.3.0
Unless already present, a ``__replace__`` method is automatically
created for `copy.replace` (Python 3.13+ only).
.. versionchanged:: 25.4.0
*kw_only* now only applies to attributes defined in the current class,
and respects attribute-level ``kw_only=False`` settings.
.. versionadded:: 25.4.0
Added *force_kw_only* to go back to the previous *kw_only* behavior.
.. note::
The main differences to the classic `attr.s` are:
- Automatically detect whether or not *auto_attribs* should be `True`
(c.f. *auto_attribs* parameter).
- Converters and validators run when attributes are set by default --
if *frozen* is `False`.
- *slots=True*
Usually, this has only upsides and few visible effects in everyday
programming. But it *can* lead to some surprising behaviors, so
please make sure to read :term:`slotted classes`.
- *auto_exc=True*
- *auto_detect=True*
- *order=False*
- *force_kw_only=False*
- Some options that were only relevant on Python 2 or were kept around
for backwards-compatibility have been removed.
"""
def do_it(cls, auto_attribs):
return attrs(
maybe_cls=cls,
these=these,
repr=repr,
hash=hash,
unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash,
init=init,
slots=slots,
frozen=frozen,
weakref_slot=weakref_slot,
str=str,
auto_attribs=auto_attribs,
kw_only=kw_only,
cache_hash=cache_hash,
auto_exc=auto_exc,
eq=eq,
order=order,
auto_detect=auto_detect,
collect_by_mro=True,
getstate_setstate=getstate_setstate,
on_setattr=on_setattr,
field_transformer=field_transformer,
match_args=match_args,
force_kw_only=force_kw_only,
)
def wrap(cls):
"""
Making this a wrapper ensures this code runs during class creation.
We also ensure that frozen-ness of classes is inherited.
"""
nonlocal frozen, on_setattr
had_on_setattr = on_setattr not in (None, setters.NO_OP)
# By default, mutable classes convert & validate on setattr.
if frozen is False and on_setattr is None:
on_setattr = _DEFAULT_ON_SETATTR
# However, if we subclass a frozen class, we inherit the immutability
# and disable on_setattr.
for base_cls in cls.__bases__:
if base_cls.__setattr__ is _frozen_setattrs:
if had_on_setattr:
msg = "Frozen classes can't use on_setattr (frozen-ness was inherited)."
raise ValueError(msg)
on_setattr = setters.NO_OP
break
if auto_attribs is not None:
return do_it(cls, auto_attribs)
try:
return do_it(cls, True)
except UnannotatedAttributeError:
return do_it(cls, False)
# maybe_cls's type depends on the usage of the decorator. It's a class
# if it's used as `@attrs` but `None` if used as `@attrs()`.
if maybe_cls is None:
return wrap
return wrap(maybe_cls)
mutable = define
frozen = partial(define, frozen=True, on_setattr=None)
def field(
*,
default=NOTHING,
validator=None,
repr=True,
hash=None,
init=True,
metadata=None,
type=None,
converter=None,
factory=None,
kw_only=None,
eq=None,
order=None,
on_setattr=None,
alias=None,
):
"""
Create a new :term:`field` / :term:`attribute` on a class.
.. warning::
Does **nothing** unless the class is also decorated with
`attrs.define` (or similar)!
Args:
default:
A value that is used if an *attrs*-generated ``__init__`` is used
and no value is passed while instantiating or the attribute is
excluded using ``init=False``.
If the value is an instance of `attrs.Factory`, its callable will
be used to construct a new value (useful for mutable data types
like lists or dicts).
If a default is not set (or set manually to `attrs.NOTHING`), a
value *must* be supplied when instantiating; otherwise a
`TypeError` will be raised.
.. seealso:: `defaults`
factory (~typing.Callable):
Syntactic sugar for ``default=attr.Factory(factory)``.
validator (~typing.Callable | list[~typing.Callable]):
Callable that is called by *attrs*-generated ``__init__`` methods
after the instance has been initialized. They receive the
initialized instance, the :func:`~attrs.Attribute`, and the passed
value.
The return value is *not* inspected so the validator has to throw
an exception itself.
If a `list` is passed, its items are treated as validators and must
all pass.
Validators can be globally disabled and re-enabled using
`attrs.validators.get_disabled` / `attrs.validators.set_disabled`.
The validator can also be set using decorator notation as shown
below.
.. seealso:: :ref:`validators`
repr (bool | ~typing.Callable):
Include this attribute in the generated ``__repr__`` method. If
True, include the attribute; if False, omit it. By default, the
built-in ``repr()`` function is used. To override how the attribute
value is formatted, pass a ``callable`` that takes a single value
and returns a string. Note that the resulting string is used as-is,
which means it will be used directly *instead* of calling
``repr()`` (the default).
eq (bool | ~typing.Callable):
If True (default), include this attribute in the generated
``__eq__`` and ``__ne__`` methods that check two instances for
equality. To override how the attribute value is compared, pass a
callable that takes a single value and returns the value to be
compared.
.. seealso:: `comparison`
order (bool | ~typing.Callable):
If True (default), include this attributes in the generated
``__lt__``, ``__le__``, ``__gt__`` and ``__ge__`` methods. To
override how the attribute value is ordered, pass a callable that
takes a single value and returns the value to be ordered.
.. seealso:: `comparison`
hash (bool | None):
Include this attribute in the generated ``__hash__`` method. If
None (default), mirror *eq*'s value. This is the correct behavior
according the Python spec. Setting this value to anything else
than None is *discouraged*.
.. seealso:: `hashing`
init (bool):
Include this attribute in the generated ``__init__`` method.
It is possible to set this to False and set a default value. In
that case this attributed is unconditionally initialized with the
specified default value or factory.
.. seealso:: `init`
converter (typing.Callable | Converter):
A callable that is called by *attrs*-generated ``__init__`` methods
to convert attribute's value to the desired format.
If a vanilla callable is passed, it is given the passed-in value as
the only positional argument. It is possible to receive additional
arguments by wrapping the callable in a `Converter`.
Either way, the returned value will be used as the new value of the
attribute. The value is converted before being passed to the
validator, if any.
.. seealso:: :ref:`converters`
metadata (dict | None):
An arbitrary mapping, to be used by third-party code.
.. seealso:: `extending-metadata`.
type (type):
The type of the attribute. Nowadays, the preferred method to
specify the type is using a variable annotation (see :pep:`526`).
This argument is provided for backwards-compatibility and for usage
with `make_class`. Regardless of the approach used, the type will
be stored on ``Attribute.type``.
Please note that *attrs* doesn't do anything with this metadata by
itself. You can use it as part of your own code or for `static type
checking <types>`.
kw_only (bool | None):
Make this attribute keyword-only in the generated ``__init__`` (if
*init* is False, this parameter is ignored). If None (default),
mirror the setting from `attrs.define`.
on_setattr (~typing.Callable | list[~typing.Callable] | None | ~typing.Literal[attrs.setters.NO_OP]):
Allows to overwrite the *on_setattr* setting from `attr.s`. If left
None, the *on_setattr* value from `attr.s` is used. Set to
`attrs.setters.NO_OP` to run **no** `setattr` hooks for this
attribute -- regardless of the setting in `define()`.
alias (str | None):
Override this attribute's parameter name in the generated
``__init__`` method. If left None, default to ``name`` stripped
of leading underscores. See `private-attributes`.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 21.1.0
*eq*, *order*, and *cmp* also accept a custom callable
.. versionadded:: 22.2.0 *alias*
.. versionadded:: 23.1.0
The *type* parameter has been re-added; mostly for `attrs.make_class`.
Please note that type checkers ignore this metadata.
.. versionchanged:: 25.4.0
*kw_only* can now be None, and its default is also changed from False to
None.
.. seealso::
`attr.ib`
"""
return attrib(
default=default,
validator=validator,
repr=repr,
hash=hash,
init=init,
metadata=metadata,
type=type,
converter=converter,
factory=factory,
kw_only=kw_only,
eq=eq,
order=order,
on_setattr=on_setattr,
alias=alias,
)
def asdict(inst, *, recurse=True, filter=None, value_serializer=None):
"""
Same as `attr.asdict`, except that collections types are always retained
and dict is always used as *dict_factory*.
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return _asdict(
inst=inst,
recurse=recurse,
filter=filter,
value_serializer=value_serializer,
retain_collection_types=True,
)
def astuple(inst, *, recurse=True, filter=None):
"""
Same as `attr.astuple`, except that collections types are always retained
and `tuple` is always used as the *tuple_factory*.
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return _astuple(
inst=inst, recurse=recurse, filter=filter, retain_collection_types=True
)
def inspect(cls):
"""
Inspect the class and return its effective build parameters.
Warning:
This feature is currently **experimental** and is not covered by our
strict backwards-compatibility guarantees.
Args:
cls: The *attrs*-decorated class to inspect.
Returns:
The effective build parameters of the class.
Raises:
NotAnAttrsClassError: If the class is not an *attrs*-decorated class.
.. versionadded:: 25.4.0
"""
try:
return cls.__dict__["__attrs_props__"]
except KeyError:
msg = f"{cls!r} is not an attrs-decorated class."
raise NotAnAttrsClassError(msg) from None
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
from typing import Any, ClassVar, Protocol
# MYPY is a special constant in mypy which works the same way as `TYPE_CHECKING`.
MYPY = False
if MYPY:
# A protocol to be able to statically accept an attrs class.
class AttrsInstance_(Protocol):
__attrs_attrs__: ClassVar[Any]
else:
# For type checkers without plug-in support use an empty protocol that
# will (hopefully) be combined into a union.
class AttrsInstance_(Protocol):
pass
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from functools import total_ordering
from ._funcs import astuple
from ._make import attrib, attrs
@total_ordering
@attrs(eq=False, order=False, slots=True, frozen=True)
class VersionInfo:
"""
A version object that can be compared to tuple of length 1--4:
>>> attr.VersionInfo(19, 1, 0, "final") <= (19, 2)
True
>>> attr.VersionInfo(19, 1, 0, "final") < (19, 1, 1)
True
>>> vi = attr.VersionInfo(19, 2, 0, "final")
>>> vi < (19, 1, 1)
False
>>> vi < (19,)
False
>>> vi == (19, 2,)
True
>>> vi == (19, 2, 1)
False
.. versionadded:: 19.2
"""
year = attrib(type=int)
minor = attrib(type=int)
micro = attrib(type=int)
releaselevel = attrib(type=str)
@classmethod
def _from_version_string(cls, s):
"""
Parse *s* and return a _VersionInfo.
"""
v = s.split(".")
if len(v) == 3:
v.append("final")
return cls(
year=int(v[0]), minor=int(v[1]), micro=int(v[2]), releaselevel=v[3]
)
def _ensure_tuple(self, other):
"""
Ensure *other* is a tuple of a valid length.
Returns a possibly transformed *other* and ourselves as a tuple of
the same length as *other*.
"""
if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
other = astuple(other)
if not isinstance(other, tuple):
raise NotImplementedError
if not (1 <= len(other) <= 4):
raise NotImplementedError
return astuple(self)[: len(other)], other
def __eq__(self, other):
try:
us, them = self._ensure_tuple(other)
except NotImplementedError:
return NotImplemented
return us == them
def __lt__(self, other):
try:
us, them = self._ensure_tuple(other)
except NotImplementedError:
return NotImplemented
# Since alphabetically "dev0" < "final" < "post1" < "post2", we don't
# have to do anything special with releaselevel for now.
return us < them
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.year, self.minor, self.micro, self.releaselevel))
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
class VersionInfo:
@property
def year(self) -> int: ...
@property
def minor(self) -> int: ...
@property
def micro(self) -> int: ...
@property
def releaselevel(self) -> str: ...
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Commonly useful converters.
"""
import typing
from ._compat import _AnnotationExtractor
from ._make import NOTHING, Converter, Factory, pipe
__all__ = [
"default_if_none",
"optional",
"pipe",
"to_bool",
]
def optional(converter):
"""
A converter that allows an attribute to be optional. An optional attribute
is one which can be set to `None`.
Type annotations will be inferred from the wrapped converter's, if it has
any.
Args:
converter (typing.Callable):
the converter that is used for non-`None` values.
.. versionadded:: 17.1.0
"""
if isinstance(converter, Converter):
def optional_converter(val, inst, field):
if val is None:
return None
return converter(val, inst, field)
else:
def optional_converter(val):
if val is None:
return None
return converter(val)
xtr = _AnnotationExtractor(converter)
t = xtr.get_first_param_type()
if t:
optional_converter.__annotations__["val"] = typing.Optional[t]
rt = xtr.get_return_type()
if rt:
optional_converter.__annotations__["return"] = typing.Optional[rt]
if isinstance(converter, Converter):
return Converter(optional_converter, takes_self=True, takes_field=True)
return optional_converter
def default_if_none(default=NOTHING, factory=None):
"""
A converter that allows to replace `None` values by *default* or the result
of *factory*.
Args:
default:
Value to be used if `None` is passed. Passing an instance of
`attrs.Factory` is supported, however the ``takes_self`` option is
*not*.
factory (typing.Callable):
A callable that takes no parameters whose result is used if `None`
is passed.
Raises:
TypeError: If **neither** *default* or *factory* is passed.
TypeError: If **both** *default* and *factory* are passed.
ValueError:
If an instance of `attrs.Factory` is passed with
``takes_self=True``.
.. versionadded:: 18.2.0
"""
if default is NOTHING and factory is None:
msg = "Must pass either `default` or `factory`."
raise TypeError(msg)
if default is not NOTHING and factory is not None:
msg = "Must pass either `default` or `factory` but not both."
raise TypeError(msg)
if factory is not None:
default = Factory(factory)
if isinstance(default, Factory):
if default.takes_self:
msg = "`takes_self` is not supported by default_if_none."
raise ValueError(msg)
def default_if_none_converter(val):
if val is not None:
return val
return default.factory()
else:
def default_if_none_converter(val):
if val is not None:
return val
return default
return default_if_none_converter
def to_bool(val):
"""
Convert "boolean" strings (for example, from environment variables) to real
booleans.
Values mapping to `True`:
- ``True``
- ``"true"`` / ``"t"``
- ``"yes"`` / ``"y"``
- ``"on"``
- ``"1"``
- ``1``
Values mapping to `False`:
- ``False``
- ``"false"`` / ``"f"``
- ``"no"`` / ``"n"``
- ``"off"``
- ``"0"``
- ``0``
Raises:
ValueError: For any other value.
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
if isinstance(val, str):
val = val.lower()
if val in (True, "true", "t", "yes", "y", "on", "1", 1):
return True
if val in (False, "false", "f", "no", "n", "off", "0", 0):
return False
msg = f"Cannot convert value to bool: {val!r}"
raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
from typing import Callable, Any, overload
from attrs import _ConverterType, _CallableConverterType
@overload
def pipe(*validators: _CallableConverterType) -> _CallableConverterType: ...
@overload
def pipe(*validators: _ConverterType) -> _ConverterType: ...
@overload
def optional(converter: _CallableConverterType) -> _CallableConverterType: ...
@overload
def optional(converter: _ConverterType) -> _ConverterType: ...
@overload
def default_if_none(default: Any) -> _CallableConverterType: ...
@overload
def default_if_none(
*, factory: Callable[[], Any]
) -> _CallableConverterType: ...
def to_bool(val: str | int | bool) -> bool: ...
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from __future__ import annotations
class FrozenError(AttributeError):
"""
A frozen/immutable instance or attribute have been attempted to be
modified.
It mirrors the behavior of ``namedtuples`` by using the same error message
and subclassing `AttributeError`.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
"""
def __init__(self):
msg = "can't set attribute"
super().__init__(msg)
self.msg = msg
class FrozenInstanceError(FrozenError):
"""
A frozen instance has been attempted to be modified.
.. versionadded:: 16.1.0
"""
class FrozenAttributeError(FrozenError):
"""
A frozen attribute has been attempted to be modified.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
"""
class AttrsAttributeNotFoundError(ValueError):
"""
An *attrs* function couldn't find an attribute that the user asked for.
.. versionadded:: 16.2.0
"""
class NotAnAttrsClassError(ValueError):
"""
A non-*attrs* class has been passed into an *attrs* function.
.. versionadded:: 16.2.0
"""
class DefaultAlreadySetError(RuntimeError):
"""
A default has been set when defining the field and is attempted to be reset
using the decorator.
.. versionadded:: 17.1.0
"""
class UnannotatedAttributeError(RuntimeError):
"""
A class with ``auto_attribs=True`` has a field without a type annotation.
.. versionadded:: 17.3.0
"""
class PythonTooOldError(RuntimeError):
"""
It was attempted to use an *attrs* feature that requires a newer Python
version.
.. versionadded:: 18.2.0
"""
class NotCallableError(TypeError):
"""
A field requiring a callable has been set with a value that is not
callable.
.. versionadded:: 19.2.0
"""
def __init__(self, msg, value):
super(TypeError, self).__init__(msg, value)
self.msg = msg
self.value = value
def __str__(self):
return str(self.msg)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
from typing import Any
class FrozenError(AttributeError):
msg: str = ...
class FrozenInstanceError(FrozenError): ...
class FrozenAttributeError(FrozenError): ...
class AttrsAttributeNotFoundError(ValueError): ...
class NotAnAttrsClassError(ValueError): ...
class DefaultAlreadySetError(RuntimeError): ...
class UnannotatedAttributeError(RuntimeError): ...
class PythonTooOldError(RuntimeError): ...
class NotCallableError(TypeError):
msg: str = ...
value: Any = ...
def __init__(self, msg: str, value: Any) -> None: ...
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Commonly useful filters for `attrs.asdict` and `attrs.astuple`.
"""
from ._make import Attribute
def _split_what(what):
"""
Returns a tuple of `frozenset`s of classes and attributes.
"""
return (
frozenset(cls for cls in what if isinstance(cls, type)),
frozenset(cls for cls in what if isinstance(cls, str)),
frozenset(cls for cls in what if isinstance(cls, Attribute)),
)
def include(*what):
"""
Create a filter that only allows *what*.
Args:
what (list[type, str, attrs.Attribute]):
What to include. Can be a type, a name, or an attribute.
Returns:
Callable:
A callable that can be passed to `attrs.asdict`'s and
`attrs.astuple`'s *filter* argument.
.. versionchanged:: 23.1.0 Accept strings with field names.
"""
cls, names, attrs = _split_what(what)
def include_(attribute, value):
return (
value.__class__ in cls
or attribute.name in names
or attribute in attrs
)
return include_
def exclude(*what):
"""
Create a filter that does **not** allow *what*.
Args:
what (list[type, str, attrs.Attribute]):
What to exclude. Can be a type, a name, or an attribute.
Returns:
Callable:
A callable that can be passed to `attrs.asdict`'s and
`attrs.astuple`'s *filter* argument.
.. versionchanged:: 23.3.0 Accept field name string as input argument
"""
cls, names, attrs = _split_what(what)
def exclude_(attribute, value):
return not (
value.__class__ in cls
or attribute.name in names
or attribute in attrs
)
return exclude_
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
from typing import Any
from . import Attribute, _FilterType
def include(*what: type | str | Attribute[Any]) -> _FilterType[Any]: ...
def exclude(*what: type | str | Attribute[Any]) -> _FilterType[Any]: ...
Whitespace-only changes.
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Commonly used hooks for on_setattr.
"""
from . import _config
from .exceptions import FrozenAttributeError
def pipe(*setters):
"""
Run all *setters* and return the return value of the last one.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
"""
def wrapped_pipe(instance, attrib, new_value):
rv = new_value
for setter in setters:
rv = setter(instance, attrib, rv)
return rv
return wrapped_pipe
def frozen(_, __, ___):
"""
Prevent an attribute to be modified.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
"""
raise FrozenAttributeError
def validate(instance, attrib, new_value):
"""
Run *attrib*'s validator on *new_value* if it has one.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
"""
if _config._run_validators is False:
return new_value
v = attrib.validator
if not v:
return new_value
v(instance, attrib, new_value)
return new_value
def convert(instance, attrib, new_value):
"""
Run *attrib*'s converter -- if it has one -- on *new_value* and return the
result.
.. versionadded:: 20.1.0
"""
c = attrib.converter
if c:
# This can be removed once we drop 3.8 and use attrs.Converter instead.
from ._make import Converter
if not isinstance(c, Converter):
return c(new_value)
return c(new_value, instance, attrib)
return new_value
# Sentinel for disabling class-wide *on_setattr* hooks for certain attributes.
# Sphinx's autodata stopped working, so the docstring is inlined in the API
# docs.
NO_OP = object()
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
from typing import Any, NewType, NoReturn, TypeVar
from . import Attribute
from attrs import _OnSetAttrType
_T = TypeVar("_T")
def frozen(
instance: Any, attribute: Attribute[Any], new_value: Any
) -> NoReturn: ...
def pipe(*setters: _OnSetAttrType) -> _OnSetAttrType: ...
def validate(instance: Any, attribute: Attribute[_T], new_value: _T) -> _T: ...
# convert is allowed to return Any, because they can be chained using pipe.
def convert(
instance: Any, attribute: Attribute[Any], new_value: Any
) -> Any: ...
_NoOpType = NewType("_NoOpType", object)
NO_OP: _NoOpType
@@ -0,0 +1,750 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Commonly useful validators.
"""
import operator
import re
from contextlib import contextmanager
from re import Pattern
from ._config import get_run_validators, set_run_validators
from ._make import _AndValidator, and_, attrib, attrs
from .converters import default_if_none
from .exceptions import NotCallableError
__all__ = [
"and_",
"deep_iterable",
"deep_mapping",
"disabled",
"ge",
"get_disabled",
"gt",
"in_",
"instance_of",
"is_callable",
"le",
"lt",
"matches_re",
"max_len",
"min_len",
"not_",
"optional",
"or_",
"set_disabled",
]
def set_disabled(disabled):
"""
Globally disable or enable running validators.
By default, they are run.
Args:
disabled (bool): If `True`, disable running all validators.
.. warning::
This function is not thread-safe!
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
set_run_validators(not disabled)
def get_disabled():
"""
Return a bool indicating whether validators are currently disabled or not.
Returns:
bool:`True` if validators are currently disabled.
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return not get_run_validators()
@contextmanager
def disabled():
"""
Context manager that disables running validators within its context.
.. warning::
This context manager is not thread-safe!
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
.. versionchanged:: 26.1.0 The contextmanager is nestable.
"""
prev = get_run_validators()
set_run_validators(False)
try:
yield
finally:
set_run_validators(prev)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _InstanceOfValidator:
type = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if not isinstance(value, self.type):
msg = f"'{attr.name}' must be {self.type!r} (got {value!r} that is a {value.__class__!r})."
raise TypeError(
msg,
attr,
self.type,
value,
)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<instance_of validator for type {self.type!r}>"
def instance_of(type):
"""
A validator that raises a `TypeError` if the initializer is called with a
wrong type for this particular attribute (checks are performed using
`isinstance` therefore it's also valid to pass a tuple of types).
Args:
type (type | tuple[type]): The type to check for.
Raises:
TypeError:
With a human readable error message, the attribute (of type
`attrs.Attribute`), the expected type, and the value it got.
"""
return _InstanceOfValidator(type)
@attrs(repr=False, frozen=True, slots=True)
class _MatchesReValidator:
pattern = attrib()
match_func = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if not self.match_func(value):
msg = f"'{attr.name}' must match regex {self.pattern.pattern!r} ({value!r} doesn't)"
raise ValueError(
msg,
attr,
self.pattern,
value,
)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<matches_re validator for pattern {self.pattern!r}>"
def matches_re(regex, flags=0, func=None):
r"""
A validator that raises `ValueError` if the initializer is called with a
string that doesn't match *regex*.
Args:
regex (str, re.Pattern):
A regex string or precompiled pattern to match against
flags (int):
Flags that will be passed to the underlying re function (default 0)
func (typing.Callable):
Which underlying `re` function to call. Valid options are
`re.fullmatch`, `re.search`, and `re.match`; the default `None`
means `re.fullmatch`. For performance reasons, the pattern is
always precompiled using `re.compile`.
.. versionadded:: 19.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 21.3.0 *regex* can be a pre-compiled pattern.
"""
valid_funcs = (re.fullmatch, None, re.search, re.match)
if func not in valid_funcs:
msg = "'func' must be one of {}.".format(
", ".join(
sorted((e and e.__name__) or "None" for e in set(valid_funcs))
)
)
raise ValueError(msg)
if isinstance(regex, Pattern):
if flags:
msg = "'flags' can only be used with a string pattern; pass flags to re.compile() instead"
raise TypeError(msg)
pattern = regex
else:
pattern = re.compile(regex, flags)
if func is re.match:
match_func = pattern.match
elif func is re.search:
match_func = pattern.search
else:
match_func = pattern.fullmatch
return _MatchesReValidator(pattern, match_func)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _OptionalValidator:
validator = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
if value is None:
return
self.validator(inst, attr, value)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<optional validator for {self.validator!r} or None>"
def optional(validator):
"""
A validator that makes an attribute optional. An optional attribute is one
which can be set to `None` in addition to satisfying the requirements of
the sub-validator.
Args:
validator
(typing.Callable | tuple[typing.Callable] | list[typing.Callable]):
A validator (or validators) that is used for non-`None` values.
.. versionadded:: 15.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 17.1.0 *validator* can be a list of validators.
.. versionchanged:: 23.1.0 *validator* can also be a tuple of validators.
"""
if isinstance(validator, (list, tuple)):
return _OptionalValidator(_AndValidator(validator))
return _OptionalValidator(validator)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _InValidator:
options = attrib()
_original_options = attrib(hash=False)
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
try:
in_options = value in self.options
except TypeError: # e.g. `1 in "abc"`
in_options = False
if not in_options:
msg = f"'{attr.name}' must be in {self._original_options!r} (got {value!r})"
raise ValueError(
msg,
attr,
self._original_options,
value,
)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<in_ validator with options {self._original_options!r}>"
def in_(options):
"""
A validator that raises a `ValueError` if the initializer is called with a
value that does not belong in the *options* provided.
The check is performed using ``value in options``, so *options* has to
support that operation.
To keep the validator hashable, dicts, lists, and sets are transparently
transformed into a `tuple`.
Args:
options: Allowed options.
Raises:
ValueError:
With a human readable error message, the attribute (of type
`attrs.Attribute`), the expected options, and the value it got.
.. versionadded:: 17.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 22.1.0
The ValueError was incomplete until now and only contained the human
readable error message. Now it contains all the information that has
been promised since 17.1.0.
.. versionchanged:: 24.1.0
*options* that are a list, dict, or a set are now transformed into a
tuple to keep the validator hashable.
"""
repr_options = options
if isinstance(options, (list, dict, set)):
options = tuple(options)
return _InValidator(options, repr_options)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=False, unsafe_hash=True)
class _IsCallableValidator:
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if not callable(value):
message = (
"'{name}' must be callable "
"(got {value!r} that is a {actual!r})."
)
raise NotCallableError(
msg=message.format(
name=attr.name, value=value, actual=value.__class__
),
value=value,
)
def __repr__(self):
return "<is_callable validator>"
def is_callable():
"""
A validator that raises a `attrs.exceptions.NotCallableError` if the
initializer is called with a value for this particular attribute that is
not callable.
.. versionadded:: 19.1.0
Raises:
attrs.exceptions.NotCallableError:
With a human readable error message containing the attribute
(`attrs.Attribute`) name, and the value it got.
"""
return _IsCallableValidator()
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _DeepIterable:
member_validator = attrib(validator=is_callable())
iterable_validator = attrib(
default=None, validator=optional(is_callable())
)
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if self.iterable_validator is not None:
self.iterable_validator(inst, attr, value)
for member in value:
self.member_validator(inst, attr, member)
def __repr__(self):
iterable_identifier = (
""
if self.iterable_validator is None
else f" {self.iterable_validator!r}"
)
return (
f"<deep_iterable validator for{iterable_identifier}"
f" iterables of {self.member_validator!r}>"
)
def deep_iterable(member_validator, iterable_validator=None):
"""
A validator that performs deep validation of an iterable.
Args:
member_validator: Validator(s) to apply to iterable members.
iterable_validator:
Validator(s) to apply to iterable itself (optional).
Raises
TypeError: if any sub-validators fail
.. versionadded:: 19.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 25.4.0
*member_validator* and *iterable_validator* can now be a list or tuple
of validators.
"""
if isinstance(member_validator, (list, tuple)):
member_validator = and_(*member_validator)
if isinstance(iterable_validator, (list, tuple)):
iterable_validator = and_(*iterable_validator)
return _DeepIterable(member_validator, iterable_validator)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _DeepMapping:
key_validator = attrib(validator=optional(is_callable()))
value_validator = attrib(validator=optional(is_callable()))
mapping_validator = attrib(validator=optional(is_callable()))
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if self.mapping_validator is not None:
self.mapping_validator(inst, attr, value)
for key in value:
if self.key_validator is not None:
self.key_validator(inst, attr, key)
if self.value_validator is not None:
self.value_validator(inst, attr, value[key])
def __repr__(self):
return f"<deep_mapping validator for objects mapping {self.key_validator!r} to {self.value_validator!r}>"
def deep_mapping(
key_validator=None, value_validator=None, mapping_validator=None
):
"""
A validator that performs deep validation of a dictionary.
All validators are optional, but at least one of *key_validator* or
*value_validator* must be provided.
Args:
key_validator: Validator(s) to apply to dictionary keys.
value_validator: Validator(s) to apply to dictionary values.
mapping_validator:
Validator(s) to apply to top-level mapping attribute.
.. versionadded:: 19.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 25.4.0
*key_validator* and *value_validator* are now optional, but at least one
of them must be provided.
.. versionchanged:: 25.4.0
*key_validator*, *value_validator*, and *mapping_validator* can now be a
list or tuple of validators.
Raises:
TypeError: If any sub-validator fails on validation.
ValueError:
If neither *key_validator* nor *value_validator* is provided on
instantiation.
"""
if key_validator is None and value_validator is None:
msg = (
"At least one of key_validator or value_validator must be provided"
)
raise ValueError(msg)
if isinstance(key_validator, (list, tuple)):
key_validator = and_(*key_validator)
if isinstance(value_validator, (list, tuple)):
value_validator = and_(*value_validator)
if isinstance(mapping_validator, (list, tuple)):
mapping_validator = and_(*mapping_validator)
return _DeepMapping(key_validator, value_validator, mapping_validator)
@attrs(repr=False, frozen=True, slots=True)
class _NumberValidator:
bound = attrib()
compare_op = attrib()
compare_func = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if not self.compare_func(value, self.bound):
msg = f"'{attr.name}' must be {self.compare_op} {self.bound}: {value}"
raise ValueError(msg)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<Validator for x {self.compare_op} {self.bound}>"
def lt(val):
"""
A validator that raises `ValueError` if the initializer is called with a
number larger or equal to *val*.
The validator uses `operator.lt` to compare the values.
Args:
val: Exclusive upper bound for values.
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return _NumberValidator(val, "<", operator.lt)
def le(val):
"""
A validator that raises `ValueError` if the initializer is called with a
number greater than *val*.
The validator uses `operator.le` to compare the values.
Args:
val: Inclusive upper bound for values.
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return _NumberValidator(val, "<=", operator.le)
def ge(val):
"""
A validator that raises `ValueError` if the initializer is called with a
number smaller than *val*.
The validator uses `operator.ge` to compare the values.
Args:
val: Inclusive lower bound for values
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return _NumberValidator(val, ">=", operator.ge)
def gt(val):
"""
A validator that raises `ValueError` if the initializer is called with a
number smaller or equal to *val*.
The validator uses `operator.gt` to compare the values.
Args:
val: Exclusive lower bound for values
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return _NumberValidator(val, ">", operator.gt)
@attrs(repr=False, frozen=True, slots=True)
class _MaxLengthValidator:
max_length = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if len(value) > self.max_length:
msg = f"Length of '{attr.name}' must be <= {self.max_length}: {len(value)}"
raise ValueError(msg)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<max_len validator for {self.max_length}>"
def max_len(length):
"""
A validator that raises `ValueError` if the initializer is called
with a string or iterable that is longer than *length*.
Args:
length (int): Maximum length of the string or iterable
.. versionadded:: 21.3.0
"""
return _MaxLengthValidator(length)
@attrs(repr=False, frozen=True, slots=True)
class _MinLengthValidator:
min_length = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if len(value) < self.min_length:
msg = f"Length of '{attr.name}' must be >= {self.min_length}: {len(value)}"
raise ValueError(msg)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<min_len validator for {self.min_length}>"
def min_len(length):
"""
A validator that raises `ValueError` if the initializer is called
with a string or iterable that is shorter than *length*.
Args:
length (int): Minimum length of the string or iterable
.. versionadded:: 22.1.0
"""
return _MinLengthValidator(length)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _SubclassOfValidator:
type = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
"""
We use a callable class to be able to change the ``__repr__``.
"""
if not issubclass(value, self.type):
msg = f"'{attr.name}' must be a subclass of {self.type!r} (got {value!r})."
raise TypeError(
msg,
attr,
self.type,
value,
)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<subclass_of validator for type {self.type!r}>"
def _subclass_of(type):
"""
A validator that raises a `TypeError` if the initializer is called with a
wrong type for this particular attribute (checks are performed using
`issubclass` therefore it's also valid to pass a tuple of types).
Args:
type (type | tuple[type, ...]): The type(s) to check for.
Raises:
TypeError:
With a human readable error message, the attribute (of type
`attrs.Attribute`), the expected type, and the value it got.
"""
return _SubclassOfValidator(type)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _NotValidator:
validator = attrib()
msg = attrib(
converter=default_if_none(
"not_ validator child '{validator!r}' "
"did not raise a captured error"
)
)
exc_types = attrib(
validator=deep_iterable(
member_validator=_subclass_of(Exception),
iterable_validator=instance_of(tuple),
),
)
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
try:
self.validator(inst, attr, value)
except self.exc_types:
pass # suppress error to invert validity
else:
raise ValueError(
self.msg.format(
validator=self.validator,
exc_types=self.exc_types,
),
attr,
self.validator,
value,
self.exc_types,
)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<not_ validator wrapping {self.validator!r}, capturing {self.exc_types!r}>"
def not_(validator, *, msg=None, exc_types=(ValueError, TypeError)):
"""
A validator that wraps and logically 'inverts' the validator passed to it.
It will raise a `ValueError` if the provided validator *doesn't* raise a
`ValueError` or `TypeError` (by default), and will suppress the exception
if the provided validator *does*.
Intended to be used with existing validators to compose logic without
needing to create inverted variants, for example, ``not_(in_(...))``.
Args:
validator: A validator to be logically inverted.
msg (str):
Message to raise if validator fails. Formatted with keys
``exc_types`` and ``validator``.
exc_types (tuple[type, ...]):
Exception type(s) to capture. Other types raised by child
validators will not be intercepted and pass through.
Raises:
ValueError:
With a human readable error message, the attribute (of type
`attrs.Attribute`), the validator that failed to raise an
exception, the value it got, and the expected exception types.
.. versionadded:: 22.2.0
"""
try:
exc_types = tuple(exc_types)
except TypeError:
exc_types = (exc_types,)
return _NotValidator(validator, msg, exc_types)
@attrs(repr=False, slots=True, unsafe_hash=True)
class _OrValidator:
validators = attrib()
def __call__(self, inst, attr, value):
for v in self.validators:
try:
v(inst, attr, value)
except Exception: # noqa: BLE001, PERF203, S112
continue
else:
return
msg = f"None of {self.validators!r} satisfied for value {value!r}"
raise ValueError(msg)
def __repr__(self):
return f"<or validator wrapping {self.validators!r}>"
def or_(*validators):
"""
A validator that composes multiple validators into one.
When called on a value, it runs all wrapped validators until one of them is
satisfied.
Args:
validators (~collections.abc.Iterable[typing.Callable]):
Arbitrary number of validators.
Raises:
ValueError:
If no validator is satisfied. Raised with a human-readable error
message listing all the wrapped validators and the value that
failed all of them.
.. versionadded:: 24.1.0
"""
vals = []
for v in validators:
vals.extend(v.validators if isinstance(v, _OrValidator) else [v])
return _OrValidator(tuple(vals))
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
from types import UnionType
from typing import (
Any,
AnyStr,
Callable,
Container,
ContextManager,
Iterable,
Mapping,
Match,
Pattern,
TypeVar,
overload,
)
from attrs import _ValidatorType
from attrs import _ValidatorArgType
_T = TypeVar("_T")
_T1 = TypeVar("_T1")
_T2 = TypeVar("_T2")
_T3 = TypeVar("_T3")
_T4 = TypeVar("_T4")
_T5 = TypeVar("_T5")
_T6 = TypeVar("_T6")
_I = TypeVar("_I", bound=Iterable)
_K = TypeVar("_K")
_V = TypeVar("_V")
_M = TypeVar("_M", bound=Mapping)
def set_disabled(run: bool) -> None: ...
def get_disabled() -> bool: ...
def disabled() -> ContextManager[None]: ...
# To be more precise on instance_of use some overloads.
# If there are more than 3 items in the tuple then we fall back to Any
@overload
def instance_of(type: type[_T]) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
@overload
def instance_of(type: tuple[type[_T]]) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
@overload
def instance_of(
type: tuple[type[_T1], type[_T2]],
) -> _ValidatorType[_T1 | _T2]: ...
@overload
def instance_of(
type: tuple[type[_T1], type[_T2], type[_T3]],
) -> _ValidatorType[_T1 | _T2 | _T3]: ...
@overload
def instance_of(type: tuple[type, ...]) -> _ValidatorType[Any]: ...
@overload
def instance_of(type: UnionType) -> _ValidatorType[Any]: ...
def optional(
validator: (
_ValidatorType[_T]
| list[_ValidatorType[_T]]
| tuple[_ValidatorType[_T], ...]
),
) -> _ValidatorType[_T | None]: ...
def in_(options: Container[_T]) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def and_(*validators: _ValidatorType[_T]) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def matches_re(
regex: Pattern[AnyStr] | AnyStr,
flags: int = ...,
func: Callable[[AnyStr, AnyStr, int], Match[AnyStr] | None] | None = ...,
) -> _ValidatorType[AnyStr]: ...
def deep_iterable(
member_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_T],
iterable_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_I] | None = ...,
) -> _ValidatorType[_I]: ...
@overload
def deep_mapping(
key_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_K],
value_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_V] | None = ...,
mapping_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_M] | None = ...,
) -> _ValidatorType[_M]: ...
@overload
def deep_mapping(
key_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_K] | None = ...,
value_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_V] = ...,
mapping_validator: _ValidatorArgType[_M] | None = ...,
) -> _ValidatorType[_M]: ...
def is_callable() -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def lt(val: _T) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def le(val: _T) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def ge(val: _T) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def gt(val: _T) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def max_len(length: int) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def min_len(length: int) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
def not_(
validator: _ValidatorType[_T],
*,
msg: str | None = None,
exc_types: type[Exception] | Iterable[type[Exception]] = ...,
) -> _ValidatorType[_T]: ...
@overload
def or_(
__v1: _ValidatorType[_T1],
__v2: _ValidatorType[_T2],
) -> _ValidatorType[_T1 | _T2]: ...
@overload
def or_(
__v1: _ValidatorType[_T1],
__v2: _ValidatorType[_T2],
__v3: _ValidatorType[_T3],
) -> _ValidatorType[_T1 | _T2 | _T3]: ...
@overload
def or_(
__v1: _ValidatorType[_T1],
__v2: _ValidatorType[_T2],
__v3: _ValidatorType[_T3],
__v4: _ValidatorType[_T4],
) -> _ValidatorType[_T1 | _T2 | _T3 | _T4]: ...
@overload
def or_(
__v1: _ValidatorType[_T1],
__v2: _ValidatorType[_T2],
__v3: _ValidatorType[_T3],
__v4: _ValidatorType[_T4],
__v5: _ValidatorType[_T5],
) -> _ValidatorType[_T1 | _T2 | _T3 | _T4 | _T5]: ...
@overload
def or_(
__v1: _ValidatorType[_T1],
__v2: _ValidatorType[_T2],
__v3: _ValidatorType[_T3],
__v4: _ValidatorType[_T4],
__v5: _ValidatorType[_T5],
__v6: _ValidatorType[_T6],
) -> _ValidatorType[_T1 | _T2 | _T3 | _T4 | _T5 | _T6]: ...
@overload
def or_(
__v1: _ValidatorType[Any],
__v2: _ValidatorType[Any],
__v3: _ValidatorType[Any],
__v4: _ValidatorType[Any],
__v5: _ValidatorType[Any],
__v6: _ValidatorType[Any],
*validators: _ValidatorType[Any],
) -> _ValidatorType[Any]: ...
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
Metadata-Version: 2.4
Name: attrs
Version: 26.1.0
Summary: Classes Without Boilerplate
Project-URL: Documentation, https://www.attrs.org/
Project-URL: Changelog, https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/changelog.html
Project-URL: GitHub, https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs
Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/hynek
Project-URL: Tidelift, https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-attrs?utm_source=pypi-attrs&utm_medium=pypi
Author-email: Hynek Schlawack <hs@ox.cx>
License-Expression: MIT
License-File: LICENSE
Keywords: attribute,boilerplate,class
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Typing :: Typed
Requires-Python: >=3.9
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
<p align="center">
<a href="https://www.attrs.org/">
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-attrs/attrs/main/docs/_static/attrs_logo.svg" width="35%" alt="attrs" />
</a>
</p>
*attrs* is the Python package that will bring back the **joy** of **writing classes** by relieving you from the drudgery of implementing object protocols (aka [dunder methods](https://www.attrs.org/en/latest/glossary.html#term-dunder-methods)).
Trusted by NASA for [Mars missions since 2020](https://github.com/readme/featured/nasa-ingenuity-helicopter)!
Its main goal is to help you to write **concise** and **correct** software without slowing down your code.
## Sponsors
*attrs* would not be possible without our [amazing sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/hynek).
Especially those generously supporting us at the *The Organization* tier and higher:
<!-- sponsor-break-begin -->
<p align="center">
<!-- [[[cog
import pathlib, tomllib
for sponsor in tomllib.loads(pathlib.Path("pyproject.toml").read_text())["tool"]["sponcon"]["sponsors"]:
print(f'<a href="{sponsor["url"]}"><img title="{sponsor["title"]}" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/{sponsor["img"]}" width="190" /></a>')
]]] -->
<a href="https://www.variomedia.de/"><img title="Variomedia AG" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/Variomedia.svg" width="190" /></a>
<a href="https://tidelift.com/?utm_source=lifter&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=hynek"><img title="Tidelift" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/Tidelift.svg" width="190" /></a>
<a href="https://kraken.tech/"><img title="Kraken Tech" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/Kraken.svg" width="190" /></a>
<a href="https://privacy-solutions.org/"><img title="Privacy Solutions" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/Privacy-Solutions.svg" width="190" /></a>
<a href="https://filepreviews.io/"><img title="FilePreviews" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/FilePreviews.svg" width="190" /></a>
<a href="https://www.testmuai.com/?utm_medium=sponsor&utm_source=structlog"><img title="TestMu AI" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/TestMu-AI.svg" width="190" /></a>
<a href="https://polar.sh/"><img title="Polar" src="https://www.attrs.org/en/26.1.0/_static/sponsors/Polar.svg" width="190" /></a>
<!-- [[[end]]] -->
</p>
<!-- sponsor-break-end -->
<p align="center">
<strong>Please consider <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/hynek">joining them</a> to help make <em>attrs</em>’s maintenance more sustainable!</strong>
</p>
<!-- teaser-end -->
## Example
*attrs* gives you a class decorator and a way to declaratively define the attributes on that class:
<!-- code-begin -->
```pycon
>>> from attrs import asdict, define, make_class, Factory
>>> @define
... class SomeClass:
... a_number: int = 42
... list_of_numbers: list[int] = Factory(list)
...
... def hard_math(self, another_number):
... return self.a_number + sum(self.list_of_numbers) * another_number
>>> sc = SomeClass(1, [1, 2, 3])
>>> sc
SomeClass(a_number=1, list_of_numbers=[1, 2, 3])
>>> sc.hard_math(3)
19
>>> sc == SomeClass(1, [1, 2, 3])
True
>>> sc != SomeClass(2, [3, 2, 1])
True
>>> asdict(sc)
{'a_number': 1, 'list_of_numbers': [1, 2, 3]}
>>> SomeClass()
SomeClass(a_number=42, list_of_numbers=[])
>>> C = make_class("C", ["a", "b"])
>>> C("foo", "bar")
C(a='foo', b='bar')
```
After *declaring* your attributes, *attrs* gives you:
- a concise and explicit overview of the class's attributes,
- a nice human-readable `__repr__`,
- equality-checking methods,
- an initializer,
- and much more,
*without* writing dull boilerplate code again and again and *without* runtime performance penalties.
---
This example uses *attrs*'s modern APIs that have been introduced in version 20.1.0, and the *attrs* package import name that has been added in version 21.3.0.
The classic APIs (`@attr.s`, `attr.ib`, plus their serious-business aliases) and the `attr` package import name will remain **indefinitely**.
Check out [*On The Core API Names*](https://www.attrs.org/en/latest/names.html) for an in-depth explanation!
### Hate Type Annotations!?
No problem!
Types are entirely **optional** with *attrs*.
Simply assign `attrs.field()` to the attributes instead of annotating them with types:
```python
from attrs import define, field
@define
class SomeClass:
a_number = field(default=42)
list_of_numbers = field(factory=list)
```
## Data Classes
On the tin, *attrs* might remind you of `dataclasses` (and indeed, `dataclasses` [are a descendant](https://hynek.me/articles/import-attrs/) of *attrs*).
In practice it does a lot more and is more flexible.
For instance, it allows you to define [special handling of NumPy arrays for equality checks](https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/comparison.html#customization), allows more ways to [plug into the initialization process](https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/init.html#hooking-yourself-into-initialization), has a replacement for `__init_subclass__`, and allows for stepping through the generated methods using a debugger.
For more details, please refer to our [comparison page](https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/why.html#data-classes), but generally speaking, we are more likely to commit crimes against nature to make things work that one would expect to work, but that are quite complicated in practice.
## Project Information
- [**Changelog**](https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/changelog.html)
- [**Documentation**](https://www.attrs.org/)
- [**PyPI**](https://pypi.org/project/attrs/)
- [**Source Code**](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs)
- [**Contributing**](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
- [**Third-party Extensions**](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/wiki/Extensions-to-attrs)
- **Get Help**: use the `python-attrs` tag on [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python-attrs)
### *attrs* for Enterprise
Available as part of the [Tidelift Subscription](https://tidelift.com/?utm_source=lifter&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=hynek).
The maintainers of *attrs* and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source packages you use to build your applications.
Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact packages you use.
## Release Information
### Backwards-incompatible Changes
- Field aliases are now resolved *before* calling `field_transformer`, so transformers receive fully populated `Attribute` objects with usable `alias` values instead of `None`.
The new `Attribute.alias_is_default` flag indicates whether the alias was auto-generated (`True`) or explicitly set by the user (`False`).
[#1509](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/1509)
### Changes
- Fix type annotations for `attrs.validators.optional()`, so it no longer rejects tuples with more than one validator.
[#1496](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/1496)
- The `attrs.validators.disabled()` contextmanager can now be nested.
[#1513](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/1513)
- Frozen classes can set `on_setattr=attrs.setters.NO_OP` in addition to `None`.
[#1515](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/1515)
- It's now possible to pass *attrs* **instances** in addition to *attrs* **classes** to `attrs.fields()`.
[#1529](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/issues/1529)
---
[Full changelog →](https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/changelog.html)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
attr/__init__.py,sha256=fOYIvt1eGSqQre4uCS3sJWKZ0mwAuC8UD6qba5OS9_U,2057
attr/__init__.pyi,sha256=pVGImAUVovq2_TYl_r_HIYnGlyOaoCuEhxo-EvsnnSc,11325
attr/_cmp.py,sha256=3Nn1TjxllUYiX_nJoVnEkXoDk0hM1DYKj5DE7GZe4i0,4117
attr/_cmp.pyi,sha256=U-_RU_UZOyPUEQzXE6RMYQQcjkZRY25wTH99sN0s7MM,368
attr/_compat.py,sha256=x0g7iEUOnBVJC72zyFCgb1eKqyxS-7f2LGnNyZ_r95s,2829
attr/_config.py,sha256=dGq3xR6fgZEF6UBt_L0T-eUHIB4i43kRmH0P28sJVw8,843
attr/_funcs.py,sha256=Ix5IETTfz5F01F-12MF_CSFomIn2h8b67EVVz2gCtBE,16479
attr/_make.py,sha256=H7OH2eWS5CnBzLUjNFE1WymfPrmF1r8fv2RPdt9MuYA,106129
attr/_next_gen.py,sha256=BQtCUlzwg2gWHTYXBQvrEYBnzBUrDvO57u0Py6UCPhc,26274
attr/_typing_compat.pyi,sha256=XDP54TUn-ZKhD62TOQebmzrwFyomhUCoGRpclb6alRA,469
attr/_version_info.py,sha256=w4R-FYC3NK_kMkGUWJlYP4cVAlH9HRaC-um3fcjYkHM,2222
attr/_version_info.pyi,sha256=x_M3L3WuB7r_ULXAWjx959udKQ4HLB8l-hsc1FDGNvk,209
attr/converters.py,sha256=GlDeOzPeTFgeBBLbj9G57Ez5lAk68uhSALRYJ_exe84,3861
attr/converters.pyi,sha256=orU2bff-VjQa2kMDyvnMQV73oJT2WRyQuw4ZR1ym1bE,643
attr/exceptions.py,sha256=b4vMbnoQ3VpwWZhqrYi_ssXVCK8o2c4HQSS09cSUM9o,1990
attr/exceptions.pyi,sha256=zZq8bCUnKAy9mDtBEw42ZhPhAUIHoTKedDQInJD883M,539
attr/filters.py,sha256=ZBiKWLp3R0LfCZsq7X11pn9WX8NslS2wXM4jsnLOGc8,1795
attr/filters.pyi,sha256=3J5BG-dTxltBk1_-RuNRUHrv2qu1v8v4aDNAQ7_mifA,208
attr/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
attr/setters.py,sha256=5-dcT63GQK35ONEzSgfXCkbB7pPkaR-qv15mm4PVSzQ,1617
attr/setters.pyi,sha256=NnVkaFU1BB4JB8E4JuXyrzTUgvtMpj8p3wBdJY7uix4,584
attr/validators.py,sha256=m3QRzZTANr4f2C4eVdUoFg11NgXWak8Wat4qQTGhvcs,21553
attr/validators.pyi,sha256=gM1ZmHaBckyYWI2EirpRNzqm3B19cw5Iq6B4Kno9YCM,4087
attrs/__init__.py,sha256=RxaAZNwYiEh-fcvHLZNpQ_DWKni73M_jxEPEftiq1Zc,1183
attrs/__init__.pyi,sha256=2gV79g9UxJppGSM48hAZJ6h_MHb70dZoJL31ZNJeZYI,9416
attrs/converters.py,sha256=8kQljrVwfSTRu8INwEk8SI0eGrzmWftsT7rM0EqyohM,76
attrs/exceptions.py,sha256=ACCCmg19-vDFaDPY9vFl199SPXCQMN_bENs4DALjzms,76
attrs/filters.py,sha256=VOUMZug9uEU6dUuA0dF1jInUK0PL3fLgP0VBS5d-CDE,73
attrs/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
attrs/setters.py,sha256=eL1YidYQV3T2h9_SYIZSZR1FAcHGb1TuCTy0E0Lv2SU,73
attrs/validators.py,sha256=xcy6wD5TtTkdCG1f4XWbocPSO0faBjk5IfVJfP6SUj0,76
attrs-26.1.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=TNQOaQ8jvzfLytNO_WdY4GLfHfB8hoM_fjzpW_H6OMw,8754
attrs-26.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=QccIxa26bgl1E6uMy58deGWi-0aeIkkangHcxk2kWfw,87
attrs-26.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=iCEVyV38KvHutnFPjsbVy8q_Znyv-HKfQkINpj9xTp8,1109
attrs-26.1.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: hatchling 1.29.0
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2015 Hynek Schlawack and the attrs contributors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from attr import (
NOTHING,
Attribute,
AttrsInstance,
Converter,
Factory,
NothingType,
_make_getattr,
assoc,
cmp_using,
define,
evolve,
field,
fields,
fields_dict,
frozen,
has,
make_class,
mutable,
resolve_types,
validate,
)
from attr._make import ClassProps
from attr._next_gen import asdict, astuple, inspect
from . import converters, exceptions, filters, setters, validators
__all__ = [
"NOTHING",
"Attribute",
"AttrsInstance",
"ClassProps",
"Converter",
"Factory",
"NothingType",
"__author__",
"__copyright__",
"__description__",
"__doc__",
"__email__",
"__license__",
"__title__",
"__url__",
"__version__",
"__version_info__",
"asdict",
"assoc",
"astuple",
"cmp_using",
"converters",
"define",
"evolve",
"exceptions",
"field",
"fields",
"fields_dict",
"filters",
"frozen",
"has",
"inspect",
"make_class",
"mutable",
"resolve_types",
"setters",
"validate",
"validators",
]
__getattr__ = _make_getattr(__name__)
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
import sys
from typing import (
Any,
Callable,
Mapping,
Sequence,
overload,
TypeVar,
)
# Because we need to type our own stuff, we have to make everything from
# attr explicitly public too.
from attr import __author__ as __author__
from attr import __copyright__ as __copyright__
from attr import __description__ as __description__
from attr import __email__ as __email__
from attr import __license__ as __license__
from attr import __title__ as __title__
from attr import __url__ as __url__
from attr import __version__ as __version__
from attr import __version_info__ as __version_info__
from attr import assoc as assoc
from attr import Attribute as Attribute
from attr import AttrsInstance as AttrsInstance
from attr import cmp_using as cmp_using
from attr import converters as converters
from attr import Converter as Converter
from attr import evolve as evolve
from attr import exceptions as exceptions
from attr import Factory as Factory
from attr import fields as fields
from attr import fields_dict as fields_dict
from attr import filters as filters
from attr import has as has
from attr import make_class as make_class
from attr import NOTHING as NOTHING
from attr import resolve_types as resolve_types
from attr import setters as setters
from attr import validate as validate
from attr import validators as validators
from attr import attrib, asdict as asdict, astuple as astuple
from attr import NothingType as NothingType
if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
from typing import dataclass_transform
else:
from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
_T = TypeVar("_T")
_C = TypeVar("_C", bound=type)
_EqOrderType = bool | Callable[[Any], Any]
_ValidatorType = Callable[[Any, "Attribute[_T]", _T], Any]
_CallableConverterType = Callable[[Any], Any]
_ConverterType = _CallableConverterType | Converter[Any, Any]
_ReprType = Callable[[Any], str]
_ReprArgType = bool | _ReprType
_OnSetAttrType = Callable[[Any, "Attribute[Any]", Any], Any]
_OnSetAttrArgType = _OnSetAttrType | list[_OnSetAttrType] | setters._NoOpType
_FieldTransformer = Callable[
[type, list["Attribute[Any]"]], list["Attribute[Any]"]
]
# FIXME: in reality, if multiple validators are passed they must be in a list
# or tuple, but those are invariant and so would prevent subtypes of
# _ValidatorType from working when passed in a list or tuple.
_ValidatorArgType = _ValidatorType[_T] | Sequence[_ValidatorType[_T]]
@overload
def field(
*,
default: None = ...,
validator: None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
converter: None = ...,
factory: None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: bool | None = ...,
order: bool | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
type: type | None = ...,
) -> Any: ...
# This form catches an explicit None or no default and infers the type from the
# other arguments.
@overload
def field(
*,
default: None = ...,
validator: _ValidatorArgType[_T] | None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
converter: _ConverterType
| list[_ConverterType]
| tuple[_ConverterType, ...]
| None = ...,
factory: Callable[[], _T] | None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
type: type | None = ...,
) -> _T: ...
# This form catches an explicit default argument.
@overload
def field(
*,
default: _T,
validator: _ValidatorArgType[_T] | None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
converter: _ConverterType
| list[_ConverterType]
| tuple[_ConverterType, ...]
| None = ...,
factory: Callable[[], _T] | None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
type: type | None = ...,
) -> _T: ...
# This form covers type=non-Type: e.g. forward references (str), Any
@overload
def field(
*,
default: _T | None = ...,
validator: _ValidatorArgType[_T] | None = ...,
repr: _ReprArgType = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
metadata: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = ...,
converter: _ConverterType
| list[_ConverterType]
| tuple[_ConverterType, ...]
| None = ...,
factory: Callable[[], _T] | None = ...,
kw_only: bool | None = ...,
eq: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
order: _EqOrderType | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
alias: str | None = ...,
type: type | None = ...,
) -> Any: ...
@overload
@dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(attrib, field))
def define(
maybe_cls: _C,
*,
these: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
repr: bool = ...,
unsafe_hash: bool | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
slots: bool = ...,
frozen: bool = ...,
weakref_slot: bool = ...,
str: bool = ...,
auto_attribs: bool = ...,
kw_only: bool = ...,
cache_hash: bool = ...,
auto_exc: bool = ...,
eq: bool | None = ...,
order: bool | None = ...,
auto_detect: bool = ...,
getstate_setstate: bool | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
field_transformer: _FieldTransformer | None = ...,
match_args: bool = ...,
) -> _C: ...
@overload
@dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(attrib, field))
def define(
maybe_cls: None = ...,
*,
these: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
repr: bool = ...,
unsafe_hash: bool | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
slots: bool = ...,
frozen: bool = ...,
weakref_slot: bool = ...,
str: bool = ...,
auto_attribs: bool = ...,
kw_only: bool = ...,
cache_hash: bool = ...,
auto_exc: bool = ...,
eq: bool | None = ...,
order: bool | None = ...,
auto_detect: bool = ...,
getstate_setstate: bool | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
field_transformer: _FieldTransformer | None = ...,
match_args: bool = ...,
) -> Callable[[_C], _C]: ...
mutable = define
@overload
@dataclass_transform(frozen_default=True, field_specifiers=(attrib, field))
def frozen(
maybe_cls: _C,
*,
these: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
repr: bool = ...,
unsafe_hash: bool | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
slots: bool = ...,
frozen: bool = ...,
weakref_slot: bool = ...,
str: bool = ...,
auto_attribs: bool = ...,
kw_only: bool = ...,
cache_hash: bool = ...,
auto_exc: bool = ...,
eq: bool | None = ...,
order: bool | None = ...,
auto_detect: bool = ...,
getstate_setstate: bool | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
field_transformer: _FieldTransformer | None = ...,
match_args: bool = ...,
) -> _C: ...
@overload
@dataclass_transform(frozen_default=True, field_specifiers=(attrib, field))
def frozen(
maybe_cls: None = ...,
*,
these: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
repr: bool = ...,
unsafe_hash: bool | None = ...,
hash: bool | None = ...,
init: bool = ...,
slots: bool = ...,
frozen: bool = ...,
weakref_slot: bool = ...,
str: bool = ...,
auto_attribs: bool = ...,
kw_only: bool = ...,
cache_hash: bool = ...,
auto_exc: bool = ...,
eq: bool | None = ...,
order: bool | None = ...,
auto_detect: bool = ...,
getstate_setstate: bool | None = ...,
on_setattr: _OnSetAttrArgType | None = ...,
field_transformer: _FieldTransformer | None = ...,
match_args: bool = ...,
) -> Callable[[_C], _C]: ...
class ClassProps:
# XXX: somehow when defining/using enums Mypy starts looking at our own
# (untyped) code and causes tons of errors.
Hashability: Any
KeywordOnly: Any
is_exception: bool
is_slotted: bool
has_weakref_slot: bool
is_frozen: bool
# kw_only: ClassProps.KeywordOnly
kw_only: Any
collected_fields_by_mro: bool
added_init: bool
added_repr: bool
added_eq: bool
added_ordering: bool
# hashability: ClassProps.Hashability
hashability: Any
added_match_args: bool
added_str: bool
added_pickling: bool
on_setattr_hook: _OnSetAttrType | None
field_transformer: Callable[[Attribute[Any]], Attribute[Any]] | None
def __init__(
self,
is_exception: bool,
is_slotted: bool,
has_weakref_slot: bool,
is_frozen: bool,
# kw_only: ClassProps.KeywordOnly
kw_only: Any,
collected_fields_by_mro: bool,
added_init: bool,
added_repr: bool,
added_eq: bool,
added_ordering: bool,
# hashability: ClassProps.Hashability
hashability: Any,
added_match_args: bool,
added_str: bool,
added_pickling: bool,
on_setattr_hook: _OnSetAttrType,
field_transformer: Callable[[Attribute[Any]], Attribute[Any]],
) -> None: ...
@property
def is_hashable(self) -> bool: ...
def inspect(cls: type) -> ClassProps: ...
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from attr.converters import * # noqa: F403
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from attr.exceptions import * # noqa: F403
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from attr.filters import * # noqa: F403
Whitespace-only changes.
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from attr.setters import * # noqa: F403
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from attr.validators import * # noqa: F403
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
Metadata-Version: 2.4
Name: certifi
Version: 2026.7.22
Summary: Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle.
Home-page: https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
Author: Kenneth Reitz
Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com
License: MPL-2.0
Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL 2.0)
Classifier: Natural Language :: English
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
Requires-Python: >=3.7
License-File: LICENSE
Dynamic: author
Dynamic: author-email
Dynamic: classifier
Dynamic: description
Dynamic: home-page
Dynamic: license
Dynamic: license-file
Dynamic: project-url
Dynamic: requires-python
Dynamic: summary
Certifi: Python SSL Certificates
================================
Certifi provides Mozilla's carefully curated collection of Root Certificates for
validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity
of TLS hosts. It has been extracted from the `Requests`_ project.
Installation
------------
``certifi`` is available on PyPI. Simply install it with ``pip``::
$ pip install certifi
Usage
-----
To reference the installed certificate authority (CA) bundle, you can use the
built-in function::
>>> import certifi
>>> certifi.where()
'/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem'
Or from the command line::
$ python -m certifi
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
Enjoy!
.. _`Requests`: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Addition/Removal of Certificates
--------------------------------
Certifi does not support any addition/removal or other modification of the
CA trust store content. This project is intended to provide a reliable and
highly portable root of trust to python deployments. Look to upstream projects
for methods to use alternate trust.
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
certifi/__init__.py,sha256=elLl9CBfmz0SoxiYzqp-P2g30ZzCMHALyuGp2R0UhsE,94
certifi/__main__.py,sha256=xBBoj905TUWBLRGANOcf7oi6e-3dMP4cEoG9OyMs11g,243
certifi/cacert.pem,sha256=nMKndLUZjc_xTZvh5mCR9TiXXYZ84Cmpa84VpV39cw8,240216
certifi/core.py,sha256=XFXycndG5pf37ayeF8N32HUuDafsyhkVMbO4BAPWHa0,3394
certifi/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
certifi/tests/__init__.py,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
certifi/tests/test_certify.py,sha256=fBedHt839-kSsTNmNzX7RsYzjV0OX4kV0Rw7wofSJ7g,467
certifi-2026.7.22.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=6TcW2mucDVpKHfYP5pWzcPBpVgPSH2-D8FPkLPwQyvc,989
certifi-2026.7.22.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=71rxY4-7I2dqw8V3ffz8LNnDSP5Bcu1bo9J3ZVskgJA,2474
certifi-2026.7.22.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=K260EYznzXsJYBQGqmI8VTxEdiZYNvDZwW9cBh9-_MA,91
certifi-2026.7.22.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=KMu4vUCfsjLrkPbSNdgdekS-pVJzBAJFO__nI8NF6-U,8
certifi-2026.7.22.dist-info/RECORD,,
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: setuptools (83.0.0)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
This package contains a modified version of ca-bundle.crt:
ca-bundle.crt -- Bundle of CA Root Certificates
This is a bundle of X.509 certificates of public Certificate Authorities
(CA). These were automatically extracted from Mozilla's root certificates
file (certdata.txt). This file can be found in the mozilla source tree:
https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
It contains the certificates in PEM format and therefore
can be directly used with curl / libcurl / php_curl, or with
an Apache+mod_ssl webserver for SSL client authentication.
Just configure this file as the SSLCACertificateFile.#
***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
@(#) $RCSfile: certdata.txt,v $ $Revision: 1.80 $ $Date: 2011/11/03 15:11:58 $
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